Abstract
Phosphorus; is an essential element for plant growth, which may be abundant in the soil but unavailable, because it is poorly soluble and forms complexes with the metals. Microorganisms can solubilize and mineralize the insoluble phosphate into bioavailable forms. This study aimed to isolate and identify the phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs), produce and characterize alkaline phosphatase, and determine their plant growth promoting abilities. About forty-one bacterial and twelve fungal isolates were isolated from the soil and water samples, and then screened for their phosphate solubilizing potentials on Pikovskaya (PVK), and the National Botanical Research Institute's Phosphate (NBRIP) growth media. The isolates of Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) and Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) produced the highest alkaline phosphatase at pH 8, 42οC on the 2nd and 3rd d of incubation; and they solubilized concentrations of 937.78 and 848.89 µg/ ml of phosphates, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH activity of the alkaline phosphatase produced by Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) were recorded at 50°C (1.145 U/ ml) and pH 9 (1.147 U/ ml), respectively. On the other hand, Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) expressed maximum activity at 40°C (1.232 U/ ml) and pH 8 (1.39 U/ ml), respectively. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) for Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) were 23.596 mmol/ l and 2.940 µmol/ l/ min., whereas those for Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) were 11.889 mmol/ l and 0.0894 µmol/ l/ min., respectively. Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) enhanced the growth of both Amaranthus hybridus and Corchorus olitorius; by increasing the plant shoot and root length, biomass and phosphorus content, while Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) did not support A. hybridus growth. Finally, Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) and Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) were observed as potent bioagents for phosphate-solubilization during the farming activities.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) produced the highest alkaline phosphatase.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus
Amaranthus hybridus
Corchorus olitoriust0 - Interactor
- Penicillium sp. (PSF-8)
Penicillium sp.e0symbiont - Outcome
- alkaline phosphatasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e0“The isolates of Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) and Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) produced the highest alkaline phosphatase”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) produced the highest alkaline phosphatase.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. (PSB-29)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e0“The isolates of Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) and Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) produced the highest alkaline phosphatase”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline phosphatase of Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) had its optimum temperature at 50°C, with activity 1.145 U/ml.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Penicillium sp. (PSF-8)Penicillium sp.e2symbiont
- Outcome
- optimum temperaturee2
- Value
- 50°C (1.145 U/ ml)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e2“The optimum temperature and pH activity of the alkaline phosphatase produced by Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) were recorded at 50°C (1.145 U/ ml) and pH 9 (1.147 U/ ml), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline phosphatase of Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) had its optimum pH at 9, with activity 1.147 U/ml.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Penicillium sp. (PSF-8)Penicillium sp.e2symbiont
- Outcome
- pH activitye2
- Value
- pH 9 (1.147 U/ ml)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e2“The optimum temperature and pH activity of the alkaline phosphatase produced by Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) were recorded at 50°C (1.145 U/ ml) and pH 9 (1.147 U/ ml), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline phosphatase of Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) had maximum activity at 40°C, 1.232 U/ml.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. (PSB-29)e3symbiont
- Outcome
- maximum activitye3
- Value
- 40°C (1.232 U/ ml)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e3“Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) expressed maximum activity at 40°C (1.232 U/ ml) and pH 8 (1.39 U/ ml), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline phosphatase of Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) had maximum activity at pH 8, 1.39 U/ml.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. (PSB-29)e3symbiont
- Outcome
- maximum activitye3
- Value
- pH 8 (1.39 U/ ml)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e3“Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) expressed maximum activity at 40°C (1.232 U/ ml) and pH 8 (1.39 U/ ml), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) alkaline phosphatase had a Michaelis constant (Km) of 23.596 mmol/l.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Penicillium sp. (PSF-8)Penicillium sp.e4symbiont
- Outcome
- Michaelis constant (Km)e4
- Value
- 23.596 mmol/ le4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e4“The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) for Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) were 23.596 mmol/ l and 2.940 µmol/ l/ min”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) alkaline phosphatase had a maximum velocity (Vmax) of 2.940 µmol/l/min.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Penicillium sp. (PSF-8)Penicillium sp.e4symbiont
- Outcome
- maximum velocity (Vmax)e4
- Value
- 2.940 µmol/ l/ mine4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e4“The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) for Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) were 23.596 mmol/ l and 2.940 µmol/ l/ min”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) alkaline phosphatase had a Michaelis constant (Km) of 11.889 mmol/l.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. (PSB-29)e5symbiont
- Outcome
- Michaelis constant (Km)e4
- Value
- 11.889 mmol/ le5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e4“The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) for Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) were 23.596 mmol/ l and 2.940 µmol/ l/ min”
e5“whereas those for Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) were 11.889 mmol/ l and 0.0894 µmol/ l/ min”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) alkaline phosphatase had a maximum velocity (Vmax) of 0.0894 µmol/l/min.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. (PSB-29)e5symbiont
- Outcome
- maximum velocity (Vmax)e4
- Value
- 0.0894 µmol/ l/ mine5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e4“The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) for Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) were 23.596 mmol/ l and 2.940 µmol/ l/ min”
e5“whereas those for Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) were 11.889 mmol/ l and 0.0894 µmol/ l/ min”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) solubilised phosphates at 937.78 µg/ml.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Penicillium sp. (PSF-8)Penicillium sp.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphatese1
- Value
- 937.78e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e0“The isolates of Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) and Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) produced the highest alkaline phosphatase”
e1“they solubilized concentrations of 937.78 and 848.89 µg/ ml of phosphates, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) solubilised phosphates at 848.89 µg/ml.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. (PSB-29)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphatese1
- Value
- 848.89e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e0“The isolates of Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) and Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) produced the highest alkaline phosphatase”
e1“they solubilized concentrations of 937.78 and 848.89 µg/ ml of phosphates, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) enhanced growth of Amaranthus hybridus, increasing shoot and root length, biomass and phosphorus content.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybriduse6
- Treatment
- Bacillus sp. (PSB-29)e6
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. (PSB-29)e6symbiont
- Outcome
- the plant shoot and root length, biomass and phosphorus contente6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e6“Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) enhanced the growth of both Amaranthus hybridus and Corchorus olitorius; by increasing the plant shoot and root length, biomass and phosphorus content”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) enhanced growth of Corchorus olitorius, increasing shoot and root length, biomass and phosphorus content.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitoriusCorchorus olitoriuse6
- Treatment
- Bacillus sp. (PSB-29)e6
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. (PSB-29)e6symbiont
- Outcome
- the plant shoot and root length, biomass and phosphorus contente6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e6“Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) enhanced the growth of both Amaranthus hybridus and Corchorus olitorius; by increasing the plant shoot and root length, biomass and phosphorus content”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) did not support growth of Amaranthus hybridus.
- Taxon
- A. hybridusAmaranthus hybriduse7
- Treatment
- Penicillium sp. (PSF-8)e7
- Interactor
- Penicillium sp. (PSF-8)Penicillium sp.e7symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e7“Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) did not support A. hybridus growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) and Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) were observed as potent bioagents for phosphate solubilisation.
- Taxon
- Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridusCorchorus olitoriust0
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. (PSB-29)e1symbiont
- Second interactor
- Penicillium sp. (PSF-8)Penicillium sp.e1symbiont
- Outcome
- potent bioagents for phosphate-solubilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus plants”
e1“Bacillus sp. (PSB-29) and Penicillium sp. (PSF-8) were observed as potent bioagents for phosphate-solubilization”