Abstract
The Dulong, an ethnic group living in the isolated Northwest Yunnan of Southwest China, have directly used a wide of plants to serve their needs and have accumulated rich traditional knowledge about medicinal plants over years. Unfortunately, little has been reported about the medicinal plants used by the Dulong people. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews, guided field trips, and quantitative analysis. Prior informed consent was obtained before each interview. The surveys allowed for the collection of sociodemographic data and traditional knowledge about medicinal plants and their uses. This study used relative frequency of citation (RFC) to identify the most culturally significant medicinal plants and used informant consensus factor (FIC) to evaluate agreement among informants. A total of 105 medicinal plant species belonging to 69 families were recorded. Amongst these 69 families, Asteraceae (8 species), Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rosaceae (4 species each) were the dominant families. The whole plants were the most frequently used part in the preparation of medicines. The most common preparation method was decoction and the most frequent application route was oral administration. Coptis teeta (0.15), Acorus calamus (0.12), Ophiocordyceps sinensis (0.11), Tanacetum tatsienense var. tanacetopsis (0.11), and Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (0.08) were shown to be the most useful plants as indicated by their relatively high RFC values. Among the usage types of medicinal plants, the highest FIC values were recorded for the circulatory system (FIC = 0.91), the immune system (FIC = 0.89), and the nervous system (FIC = 0.85). Furthermore, sixty-two medicinal plants utilized by the Dulong for medicinal purposes also have dietary use. Traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants has been seriously threatened in recent decades. In the future, modern approaches should be used to demystify traditional medicine. However, significant measures need to be taken to protect from loss the important traditional knowledge gained by the Dulong through their experience and inheritance. A collective effort should be made to promote and conserve the important traditional medicinal knowledge and outline a plan for sustainable use of medicinal plants and improve local economic development under the premise of protection.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
The survey recorded 105 medicinal plant species in 69 families.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“A total of 105 medicinal plant species belonging to 69 families were recorded.”
Claim · model-written summary
Asteraceae was a dominant family with eight species.
- Taxon
- AsteraceaeAsteraceaee0
- Outcome
- dominant familiese0
- Value
- 8 speciese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Amongst these 69 families, Asteraceae (8 species), Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rosaceae (4 species each) were the dominant families.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polygonaceae was a dominant family with four species.
- Taxon
- PolygonaceaePolygonaceaee0
- Outcome
- dominant familiese0
- Value
- 4 species eache0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Amongst these 69 families, Asteraceae (8 species), Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rosaceae (4 species each) were the dominant families.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ranunculaceae was a dominant family with four species.
- Taxon
- RanunculaceaeRanunculaceaee0
- Outcome
- dominant familiese0
- Value
- 4 species eache0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Amongst these 69 families, Asteraceae (8 species), Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rosaceae (4 species each) were the dominant families.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosaceae was a dominant family with four species.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Amongst these 69 families, Asteraceae (8 species), Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rosaceae (4 species each) were the dominant families.”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole plants were the most frequently used medicinal part.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Organ / stage
- whole plantse0
- Outcome
- most frequently used parte0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The whole plants were the most frequently used part in the preparation of medicines.”
Claim · model-written summary
Decoction was the most common preparation method and oral administration the most frequent application route.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The most common preparation method was decoction and the most frequent application route was oral administration.”
e1“traditional knowledge about medicinal plants and their uses”
Claim · model-written summary
Coptis teeta was among the most useful plants with RFC 0.15.
- Taxon
- Coptis teetaCoptis teetae0
- Outcome
- RFC valuese0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Value
- 0.15e0
Verbatim
e0“Coptis teeta (0.15), Acorus calamus (0.12), Ophiocordyceps sinensis (0.11), Tanacetum tatsienense var. tanacetopsis (0.11), and Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (0.08) were shown to be the most useful plants as indicated by their relatively high RFC values.”
Claim · model-written summary
Acorus calamus was among the most useful plants with RFC 0.12.
- Taxon
- Acorus calamus
Acorus calamuse0 - Outcome
- RFC valuese0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Value
- 0.12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coptis teeta (0.15), Acorus calamus (0.12), Ophiocordyceps sinensis (0.11), Tanacetum tatsienense var. tanacetopsis (0.11), and Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (0.08) were shown to be the most useful plants as indicated by their relatively high RFC values.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ophiocordyceps sinensis had a relatively high RFC of 0.11.
- Taxon
- Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Ophiocordyceps sinensise0 - Outcome
- RFC valuese0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Value
- 0.11e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coptis teeta (0.15), Acorus calamus (0.12), Ophiocordyceps sinensis (0.11), Tanacetum tatsienense var. tanacetopsis (0.11), and Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (0.08) were shown to be the most useful plants as indicated by their relatively high RFC values.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tanacetum tatsienense var. tanacetopsis was among the most useful plants with RFC 0.11.
- Taxon
- Tanacetum tatsienense var. tanacetopsisTanacetum tatsienensee0
- Outcome
- RFC valuese0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Value
- 0.11e0
Verbatim
e0“Coptis teeta (0.15), Acorus calamus (0.12), Ophiocordyceps sinensis (0.11), Tanacetum tatsienense var. tanacetopsis (0.11), and Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (0.08) were shown to be the most useful plants as indicated by their relatively high RFC values.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis was among the most useful plants with RFC 0.08.
- Taxon
- Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis
Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensise0 - Outcome
- RFC valuese0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Value
- 0.08e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coptis teeta (0.15), Acorus calamus (0.12), Ophiocordyceps sinensis (0.11), Tanacetum tatsienense var. tanacetopsis (0.11), and Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (0.08) were shown to be the most useful plants as indicated by their relatively high RFC values.”
Claim · model-written summary
Circulatory system uses had one of the highest FIC values, 0.91.
Verbatim
e0“Among the usage types of medicinal plants, the highest FIC values were recorded for the circulatory system (FIC = 0.91), the immune system (FIC = 0.89), and the nervous system (FIC = 0.85).”
Claim · model-written summary
Immune system uses had one of the highest FIC values, 0.89.
Verbatim
e0“Among the usage types of medicinal plants, the highest FIC values were recorded for the circulatory system (FIC = 0.91), the immune system (FIC = 0.89), and the nervous system (FIC = 0.85).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nervous system uses had one of the highest FIC values, 0.85.
Verbatim
e0“Among the usage types of medicinal plants, the highest FIC values were recorded for the circulatory system (FIC = 0.91), the immune system (FIC = 0.89), and the nervous system (FIC = 0.85).”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixty-two medicinal plants used by the Dulong also had dietary uses.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, sixty-two medicinal plants utilized by the Dulong for medicinal purposes also have dietary use.”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional medicinal plant knowledge has been seriously threatened in recent decades.
- Taxon
- medicinal plantse0
- Outcome
- Traditional knowledgee0
- Qualifier
- seriously threatened in recent decadese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants has been seriously threatened in recent decades.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend modern approaches to demystify traditional medicine.
Verbatim
e0“In the future, modern approaches should be used to demystify traditional medicine.”
e1“Traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants has been seriously threatened in recent decades.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend protecting traditional medicinal knowledge and collectively planning sustainable medicinal plant use and local economic development under protection.
Verbatim
e0“However, significant measures need to be taken to protect from loss the important traditional knowledge gained by the Dulong through their experience and inheritance. A collective effort should be made to promote and conserve the important traditional medicinal knowledge and outline a plan for sustainable use of medicinal plants and improve local economic development under the premise of protection.”