Abstract
The standard practice of two or three preemptive insecticide applications at the start of pinhead (1–2-mm-diameter) squaring followed by threshold-triggered (when 10% of randomly selected squares have oviposition punctures) insecticide applications for boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), control does not provide reliable protection of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., lint production. This study, conducted during 2004 and 2005, showed that three to six fewer spray applications in a “proactive” approach, in which spraying began at the start of large (5.5–8-mm-diameter) square formation and continued at ≈7-d intervals while large squares were abundant, resulted in fewer infested squares and 1.4- to 1.7-fold more lint than the standard treatment. Fewer sprays and increased yield made proactive spraying significantly more profitable than the standard approach, which resulted in relatively low or negative economic returns. Harvest at 75% boll-split in the proactive spray regime of 2005 resulted in four-fold greater economic return than cotton harvested at 40% boll-split because of improved protection of large squares and the elimination of late-season sprays inherent to standard spray regime despite the cost of an extra irrigation in the 75% boll-split treatments. The earlier, 40% harvest trigger does not avoid high late-season boll weevil pressure, which exerts less impact on bolls, the predominant form of fruiting body at that time, than on squares. Proactive spraying and harvest timing are based on an important relationship between nutrition, boll weevil reproduction, and economic inputs; therefore, the tactic of combining proaction with harvest at 75% boll-split is applicable where boll weevils are problematic regardless of climate or region, or whether an eradication program is ongoing.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Proactive spraying used three to six fewer applications than standard spraying.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- “proactive” approache0
- Interactor
- boll weevil
Anthonomus grandist0pest - Outcome
- spray applicationse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- three to six fewer spray applicationse0
- Comparator
- standard treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study, conducted during 2004 and 2005, showed that three to six fewer spray applications in a “proactive” approach, in which spraying began at the start of large (5.5–8-mm-diameter) square formation and continued at ≈7-d intervals while large squares were abundant, resulted in fewer infested squares and 1.4- to 1.7-fold more lint than the standard treatment.”
t0“Cotton Harvest at 40% Versus 75% Boll-Splitting on Yield and Economic Return under Standard and Proactive Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Spray Regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Proactive spraying produced fewer infested squares than standard spraying.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- “proactive” approache0
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- infested squarese0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- standard treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study, conducted during 2004 and 2005, showed that three to six fewer spray applications in a “proactive” approach, in which spraying began at the start of large (5.5–8-mm-diameter) square formation and continued at ≈7-d intervals while large squares were abundant, resulted in fewer infested squares and 1.4- to 1.7-fold more lint than the standard treatment.”
t0“Cotton Harvest at 40% Versus 75% Boll-Splitting on Yield and Economic Return under Standard and Proactive Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Spray Regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Proactive spraying produced 1.4- to 1.7-fold more lint than standard spraying.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- “proactive” approache0
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- linte0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 1.4- to 1.7-folde0
- Comparator
- standard treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study, conducted during 2004 and 2005, showed that three to six fewer spray applications in a “proactive” approach, in which spraying began at the start of large (5.5–8-mm-diameter) square formation and continued at ≈7-d intervals while large squares were abundant, resulted in fewer infested squares and 1.4- to 1.7-fold more lint than the standard treatment.”
t0“Cotton Harvest at 40% Versus 75% Boll-Splitting on Yield and Economic Return under Standard and Proactive Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Spray Regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Proactive spraying was significantly more profitable than standard spraying.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- proactive sprayinge0
- Outcome
- profitablee0
- Direction
- more profitablee0
- Comparator
- standard approache0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fewer sprays and increased yield made proactive spraying significantly more profitable than the standard approach, which resulted in relatively low or negative economic returns.”
t0“Cotton Harvest at 40% Versus 75% Boll-Splitting on Yield and Economic Return under Standard and Proactive Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Spray Regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest at 75% boll split yielded four fold greater economic return than harvest at 40% in the proactive 2005 regime.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Harvest at 75% boll-splite0
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- economic returne0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- four-folde0
- Comparator
- cotton harvested at 40% boll-splite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvest at 75% boll-split in the proactive spray regime of 2005 resulted in four-fold greater economic return than cotton harvested at 40% boll-split because of improved protection of large squares and the elimination of late-season sprays inherent to standard spray regime despite the cost of an extra irrigation in the 75% boll-split treatments.”
t0“Cotton Harvest at 40% Versus 75% Boll-Splitting on Yield and Economic Return under Standard and Proactive Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Spray Regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40% harvest trigger did not avoid high late-season boll weevil pressure.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 40% harvest triggere0
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandise0pest
- Outcome
- high late-season boll weevil pressuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The earlier, 40% harvest trigger does not avoid high late-season boll weevil pressure, which exerts less impact on bolls, the predominant form of fruiting body at that time, than on squares.”
t0“Cotton Harvest at 40% Versus 75% Boll-Splitting on Yield and Economic Return under Standard and Proactive Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Spray Regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Boll weevil pressure had less impact on bolls than on squares late in the season.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandise0pest
- Outcome
- impact on bollse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- squarese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The earlier, 40% harvest trigger does not avoid high late-season boll weevil pressure, which exerts less impact on bolls, the predominant form of fruiting body at that time, than on squares.”
t0“Cotton Harvest at 40% Versus 75% Boll-Splitting on Yield and Economic Return under Standard and Proactive Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Spray Regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend proactive spraying combined with harvest at 75% boll split where boll weevils are problematic.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- boll weevilsAnthonomus grandise0pest
- Outcome
- combining proaction with harvest at 75% boll-splite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tactic of combining proaction with harvest at 75% boll-split is applicable where boll weevils are problematic regardless of climate or region, or whether an eradication program is ongoing.”
t0“Cotton Harvest at 40% Versus 75% Boll-Splitting on Yield and Economic Return under Standard and Proactive Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Spray Regimes”
The same questions in other papers
application · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
252 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
279 papers more in this group
See all 283 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.