Abstract
The guild of stem-infesting insect pests of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., within the central Plains is a concern to producers chiefly due to losses caused by plant lodging from the sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Dectes texanus texanus LeConte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The incidence of a root boring moth, Pelochrista womonana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), also has increased. Experiments were conducted in three locations in Colorado and Kansas during 2001–2003 to investigate the potential of combining planting date and foliar and seed treatment insecticide applications to lower insect stalk densities of these three pests. The impact of these strategies on weevil larval parasitoids also was studied. Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified. All were Hymenoptera and included the following (relative composition in parentheses): Nealiolus curculionis (Fitch) (42.6%), Nealiolus collaris (Brues) (3.2%) (Braconidae), Quadrastichus ainsliei Gahan (4.2%) (Eulophidae), Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashmead (13.1%) (Eurytomidae), Neocatolaccus tylodermae (Ashmead) (33.7%), Chlorocytus sp. (1.6%), Pteromalus sp. (0.5%) (Pteromalidae), and Eupelmus sp. (1.0%) (Eupelmidae). The results from this 3-yr study revealed that chemical control was often reliable in protecting the sunflower crop from stem pests and was relatively insensitive to application timing. Although results in some cases were mixed, overall, delayed planting can be a reliable and effective management tool for growers in the central Plains to use in reducing stem-infesting pest densities in sunflower stalks. Chemical control and planting date were compatible with natural mortality contributed by C. adspersus larval parasitoids.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified, all Hymenoptera.
- Taxon
- HymenopteraHymenopterae0
- Interactor
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0host - Outcome
- larval parasitoid species were identifiede0
- Value
- Eighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified. All were Hymenoptera”
Claim · model-written summary
Nealiolus curculionis comprised 42.6% of parasitoids.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“relative composition in parentheses): Nealiolus curculionis (Fitch) (42.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nealiolus collaris comprised 3.2% of parasitoids.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Nealiolus collaris (Brues) (3.2%) (Braconidae)”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
Claim · model-written summary
Quadrastichus ainsliei comprised 4.2% of parasitoids.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Quadrastichus ainsliei Gahan (4.2%) (Eulophidae)”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
Claim · model-written summary
Eurytoma tylodermatis comprised 13.1% of parasitoids.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashmead (13.1%) (Eurytomidae)”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
Claim · model-written summary
Neocatolaccus tylodermae comprised 33.7% of parasitoids.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Neocatolaccus tylodermae (Ashmead) (33.7%)”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorocytus sp. comprised 1.6% of parasitoids.
- Taxon
- Chlorocytus sp.Chlorocytuse0
- Outcome
- relative compositione1
- Value
- 1.6%e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Chlorocytus sp. (1.6%)”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
Claim · model-written summary
Pteromalus sp. comprised 0.5% of parasitoids.
- Taxon
- Pteromalus sp.
Pteromaluse0 - Outcome
- relative compositione1
- Value
- 0.5%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pteromalus sp. (0.5%) (Pteromalidae)”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
Claim · model-written summary
Eupelmus sp. comprised 1.0% of parasitoids.
EupelmusNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eupelmus sp. (1.0%) (Eupelmidae)”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical control often reliably protected sunflower from stem pests.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- chemical controle0
- Outcome
- protecting the sunflower crop from stem pestse0
- Qualifier
- often reliablee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical control was often reliable in protecting the sunflower crop from stem pests and was relatively insensitive to application timing”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical control protection was relatively insensitive to application timing.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- application timinge0
- Outcome
- protecting the sunflower crop from stem pestse0
- Qualifier
- relatively insensitivee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical control was often reliable in protecting the sunflower crop from stem pests and was relatively insensitive to application timing”
Claim · model-written summary
Despite some mixed results, delayed planting can reliably reduce sunflower stalk pest densities in the central Plains.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- delayed plantinge0
- Outcome
- reducing stem-infesting pest densitiese0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- results in some cases were mixede0
- Setting
- central Plainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although results in some cases were mixed, overall, delayed planting can be a reliable and effective management tool for growers in the central Plains to use in reducing stem-infesting pest densities in sunflower stalks.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical control was compatible with mortality contributed by C. adspersus larval parasitoids.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Chemical controle0
- Interactor
- C. adspersuse0pest
- Outcome
- natural mortalitye0
- Qualifier
- compatiblee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical control and planting date were compatible with natural mortality contributed by C. adspersus larval parasitoids.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting date was compatible with mortality contributed by C. adspersus larval parasitoids.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- planting datee0
- Interactor
- C. adspersuse0pest
- Outcome
- natural mortalitye0
- Qualifier
- compatiblee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical control and planting date were compatible with natural mortality contributed by C. adspersus larval parasitoids.”
t0“Sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · pest · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.