Abstract
Abstract Transgenic lines of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, expressing a synthetic cry1A gene (tic107) from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), were evaluated in screenhouse and conventional field trials for efficacy against lepidopteran pests. In screenhouse trials, Bt soybean and negative checks (isogenic segregants and parental lines) were evaluated against Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) in the United States and against A. gemmatalis, Epinotia aporema (Walsingham), Rachiplusia nu (Guenée), and Spilosoma virginica (F.) in Argentina. Bt soybean exhibited virtually complete efficacy against each of these pests, whereas negative checks suffered significant damage. Bt soybean and negative checks also were evaluated in conventional trials against native populations of A. gemmatalis and P. includens in the southeastern United States. Each of these insects caused significant damage to negative checks in one or more locations, whereas Bt soybean exhibited virtually complete efficacy against these pests. In the laboratory, lyophilized leaf tissues from Bt soybean incorporated in artificial diet at a concentration representing a 25-fold dilution of fresh tissue caused complete mortality of A. gemmatalis and near complete mortality of P. includens neonates after 11 d, whereas mortality on negative checks did not exceed 10% for either insect. Average TIC107 expression approached or exceeded 50 μg/g fresh weight at V3 stage of growth and 200 μg/g by R6 stage of growth. These results demonstrate that expression of TIC107 in soybean can not only achieve highly efficacious control of several lepidopterans under field conditions but also provide a high dose for effective insect resistance management. RESUMEN Se evaluó resistencia a plagas lepidópteras de lineas de soja transgénicas, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, que expresan un gen cry1A sintético (tic107) de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), en ensayos a campo, con y sin jaulas. En ensayos con jaulas, las sojas Bt y los testigos negativos (segregantes isogénicos y líneas parentales) fueron evaluadas frente a Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner y Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) en los EE.UU. de A. y frente a A. gemmatalis, Epinotia aporema (Walsingham), Rachiplusia nu (Guenée), y Spilosoma virginica (F.) en Argentina. La soja Bt exhibió una eficacia virtualmente total frente a cada una de las plagas, mientras que los testigos negativos sufrieron un significativo daño. La soja Bt y los testigos negativos también fueron evaluados en ensayos convencionales frente las poblaciones naturales de A. gemmatalis y P. includens en el sudeste de los EE.UU. de A. Cada uno de estos insectos causó daño significativo a los testigos negativos en una o más localidades, mientras que la soja Bt mostró una eficacia virtualmente total a dichas plagas. En el laboratorio, tejidos foliares liofilizados provenientes de soja Bt incorporados en dieta artificial a una concentración que representa una dilución de 25 veces la del tejido fresco, causó total mortalidad de neonatas de A. gemmatalis y casi completa mortalidad de neonatas de P. includens, luego de 11 días, mientras que la mortalidad en los testigos negativos no excedió el 10% en ambos insectos. La expresión de TIC107 promedió se aproximó o excedió los 50 μg/g de peso fresco en estado V3 de crecimiento y los 200 μg/g en estado R6. Estos resultados demuestran que la expresión de TIC107 en soja no sólo puede lograr un control altamente eficaz de varios lepidópteros en condiciones de campo, sino también proveer una alta dosis para un efectivo manejo de resistencia de insectos.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Bt soybean had nearly complete efficacy against tested lepidopteran pests in screenhouse trials.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Bt soybeane0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- virtually completee0
- Comparator
- negative checkse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bt soybean exhibited virtually complete efficacy against each of these pests, whereas negative checks suffered significant damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt soybean had nearly complete efficacy against native pests in field trials.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Bt soybeane0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- virtually completee0
- Comparator
- negative checkse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Each of these insects caused significant damage to negative checks in one or more locations, whereas Bt soybean exhibited virtually complete efficacy against these pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Diluted Bt soybean leaf diet caused complete mortality of A. gemmatalis neonates after 11 days.
- Taxon
- A. gemmatalis
Anticarsia gemmatalise0 - Treatment
- lyophilized leaf tissues from Bt soybean incorporated in artificial diet at a concentration representing a 25-fold dilution of fresh tissuee0
- Interactor
- Bt soybeane0other
- Outcome
- mortality of A. gemmatalise0
- Direction
- completee0
- Value
- 11 de0
- Comparator
- negative checkse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lyophilized leaf tissues from Bt soybean incorporated in artificial diet at a concentration representing a 25-fold dilution of fresh tissue caused complete mortality of A. gemmatalis and near complete mortality of P. includens neonates after 11 d, whereas mortality on negative checks did not exceed 10% for either insect”
Claim · model-written summary
Diluted Bt soybean leaf diet caused near complete mortality of P. includens neonates after 11 days.
- Taxon
- P. includens
Chrysodeixis includense0 - Treatment
- lyophilized leaf tissues from Bt soybean incorporated in artificial diet at a concentration representing a 25-fold dilution of fresh tissuee0
- Interactor
- Bt soybeane0other
- Outcome
- mortality of P. includense0
- Direction
- near completee0
- Value
- 11 de0
- Comparator
- negative checkse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lyophilized leaf tissues from Bt soybean incorporated in artificial diet at a concentration representing a 25-fold dilution of fresh tissue caused complete mortality of A. gemmatalis and near complete mortality of P. includens neonates after 11 d, whereas mortality on negative checks did not exceed 10% for either insect”
Claim · model-written summary
TIC107 expression approached or exceeded 50 μg/g fresh weight at V3.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- V3 stage of growthe0
- Gene
- TIC107e0
- Outcome
- TIC107 expressione0
- Direction
- approached or exceedede0
- Value
- 50 μg/g fresh weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average TIC107 expression approached or exceeded 50 μg/g fresh weight at V3 stage of growth”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
TIC107 expression reached 200 μg/g by R6.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- R6 stage of growthe0
- Gene
- TIC107e0
- Outcome
- TIC107 expressione0
- Direction
- approached or exceedede0
- Value
- 200 μg/ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average TIC107 expression approached or exceeded 50 μg/g fresh weight at V3 stage of growth and 200 μg/g by R6 stage of growth”
t0“soybean”