Abstract
The experiments were carried out during the cotton seasons of 2008 and 2009 in Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate to evaluate the efficiency of certain insecticidal sequences against pink and spiny bollworms larvae. The aim of the insecticidal sequences is to get the most effective control one against the bollworms. The data revealed that the infestation of cotton fields with both bollworms in both successive seasons started with few number of 1st and 2nd instar larvae on late July, but increased gradually till the end of each season. In general all treatments had slight and moderate reduction in bollworms where the reduction rates ranged between 34.18 and 52.43%. The sequences of biocides (Spinosad, Azadirachtin and Bacillus thuringiensis) was efficient in reducing larval population when sprayed three times alone or alternative with other three sprays at 15 days intervals. Spinosad in three successive sprays was the best sequences in controlling bollworms induced 48.66% average reduction, using the conventional insecticides with biocides, IGRs and antimolting compounds caused good average reduction on larval population. While the sequence of methomyl followed by oxymatrine + prosuler and lambdacyhalothrin induced the least reduction which being 38.02% reduction.With respect to the histopathological effects of the tested biocides, midgut histological sections were carried out on the 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Pink bollworm (PBW) with field concentration of the three tested biocides. Spinosad was the most effective compounds in causing aberrations in the midgut layers. Also, the pathological effect of the tested biocides was more serious on the 2nd instar larvae than the 4th one. Accordingly, spinosad, IGRs, antimolting compounds and biocides could be included with conventional insecticides to get the highest reduction in bollworms population.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton bollworm infestation began in late July and increased through the season.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Interactor
- bollworms
.jpg?width=60)
Helicoverpa zeae0pest - Outcome
- infestation of cotton fields with both bollwormse0
- Direction
- increased graduallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The data revealed that the infestation of cotton fields with both bollworms in both successive seasons started with few number of 1st and 2nd instar larvae on late July, but increased gradually till the end of each season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments reduced bollworms by 34.18 to 52.43%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Interactor
- bollwormsHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- bollwormse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 34.18 and 52.43%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all treatments had slight and moderate reduction in bollworms where the reduction rates ranged between 34.18 and 52.43%.”
t0“COTTON BOLLWORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocide sequences reduced larval populations with three sprays alone or alternating sprays.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Spinosad, Azadirachtin and Bacillus thuringiensise0
- Outcome
- larval populatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- 15 days intervalse0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sequences of biocides (Spinosad, Azadirachtin and Bacillus thuringiensis) was efficient in reducing larval population when sprayed three times alone or alternative with other three sprays at 15 days intervals.”
t0“COTTON BOLLWORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
Three successive Spinosad sprays reduced bollworms by 48.66% on average.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Spinosad in three successive sprayse0
- Interactor
- bollwormsHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- bollwormse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 48.66%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spinosad in three successive sprays was the best sequences in controlling bollworms induced 48.66% average reduction”
t0“COTTON BOLLWORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional insecticides with biocides, IGRs and antimolting compounds reduced larval population.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- conventional insecticides with biocides, IGRs and antimolting compoundse0
- Outcome
- larval populatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using the conventional insecticides with biocides, IGRs and antimolting compounds caused good average reduction on larval population.”
t0“COTTON BOLLWORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
Methomyl followed by oxymatrine plus prosuler and lambdacyhalothrin had the least reduction, 38.02%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- methomyl followed by oxymatrine + prosuler and lambdacyhalothrine0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- least reductione0
- Value
- 38.02%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sequence of methomyl followed by oxymatrine + prosuler and lambdacyhalothrin induced the least reduction which being 38.02% reduction.”
t0“COTTON BOLLWORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad caused the greatest aberrations in pink bollworm larval midgut layers.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Spinosade0
- Outcome
- aberrations in the midgut layerse0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spinosad was the most effective compounds in causing aberrations in the midgut layers.”
t0“COTTON BOLLWORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocide pathology was more severe in second than fourth instar larvae.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- 2nd instar larvaee0
- Outcome
- pathological effecte0
- Direction
- more seriouse0
- Comparator
- 4th onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pathological effect of the tested biocides was more serious on the 2nd instar larvae than the 4th one.”
t0“COTTON BOLLWORMS”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend including spinosad, IGRs, antimolting compounds and biocides with conventional insecticides.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- highest reduction in bollworms populatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spinosad, IGRs, antimolting compounds and biocides could be included with conventional insecticides to get the highest reduction in bollworms population.”
t0“COTTON BOLLWORMS”
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See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.