Abstract
Sorghum is the most widely cultivated cereal crop in the world, particularly in the semi-arid tropical region of the countries and is staple food crop for millions of the food-insecure people. However, number of biotic and abiotic factors are limiting sorghum grain yield. These constraints are: diseases, drought, soil fertility, and pests, notably parasitic weed striga species. Among biotic stress, striga weed species are one of the most biological constraints which cause yield losses and perturb food security and human welfares in the world. Striga is an important parasitic weed causing substantial economic losses in cereal and legume crop production in sub-Saharan Africa. Striga spps are obligate root-parasitic plants of the major agricultural cereal crops including sorghum, maize and millets in tropical and semi-arid regions of Africa, Middle East, Asia and Australia. Striga can cause severe to complete losses in crop grain yield. Production of cereal crops such as sorghum, maize, rice and millet is threatened by striga species in different parts of the world particularly in semi-arid tropics of Africa. The percentage of crop yield loss due to striga infestations depends on amount of striga seeds in the soil, distribution of rainfall, soil fertility and variety of cereal species grown. Striga species spend most of their life cycle underground and develop above ground for stem formation and flowering. Striga stands for the principal biological constraints of crop production than any other biological pests such as insects, birds, or plant diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sorghum production in world is seriously constrained by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses is witchweed (Striga spp.), a noxious parasitic weed causing major damage in cereal crops. However, resistance through reduced germination stimulant production or altered germination stimulant composition provides a sustainable and most effective way for managing the parasitic weeds. Integrated striga management approaches such as a combined use of Striga resistant varieties and Fusarium oxysporum fsp. Strigae (FOS), a biocontrol agent of striga, is an option to control the parasite and to boost sorghum productivity. Understanding host gene action influencing striga resistance, with or without FOS treatment, is key to develop improved sorghum varieties with durable resistance and high yield. Varying levels of resistance have been identified and exploited in the breeding programs of several crops. Considerable efforts have been invested in breeding for striga resistance in cereals and significant progress has been made in the development of improved selection methods.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Striga can cause severe to complete cereal grain yield loss.
Sorghum
StrigaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Striga can cause severe to complete losses in crop grain yield.”
t0“Striga Species on Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Striga-related crop yield loss varies with soil seed amount, rainfall, fertility and cereal variety.
- Outcome
- crop yield losse0
- Qualifier
- amount of striga seeds in the soil, distribution of rainfall, soil fertility and variety of cereal species growne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of crop yield loss due to striga infestations depends on amount of striga seeds in the soil, distribution of rainfall, soil fertility and variety of cereal species grown.”
t0“Striga Species on Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance through altered germination stimulant production or composition is presented as effective Striga management.
- Interactor
- parasitic weedse0weed
- Outcome
- resistance through reduced germination stimulant production or altered germination stimulant compositione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resistance through reduced germination stimulant production or altered germination stimulant composition provides a sustainable and most effective way for managing the parasitic weeds.”
t0“Striga Species on Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining Striga-resistant varieties with Fusarium oxysporum fsp. Strigae is proposed to control Striga and raise sorghum productivity.
- Second interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum fsp. Strigae
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- control the parasite and to boost sorghum productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a combined use of Striga resistant varieties and Fusarium oxysporum fsp. Strigae (FOS), a biocontrol agent of striga, is an option to control the parasite and to boost sorghum productivity.”
t0“Striga Species on Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Varying resistance levels have been identified and used in crop breeding programs.
- Outcome
- Varying levels of resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Varying levels of resistance have been identified and exploited in the breeding programs of several crops.”
t0“Striga Species on Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved selection methods for cereal Striga resistance have been developed.
- Outcome
- improved selection methodse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant progress has been made in the development of improved selection methods.”
t0“Striga Species on Sorghum”