Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schw. [teleomorph: Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch] and Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., is a devastating disease in cereals, resulting in yield loss and contamination of harvested grains with mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol (DON) and 3-acetyl DON (3-ADON). This study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility of selecting to reduced DON content and FHB resistance early in a breeding program. We estimated the genetic variance among F3 lines in winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the association between the two traits. In field experiments, four rye and one wheat populations with a total of 218 and 77 progenies, respectively, together with their parental lines were inoculated in four location–year combinations (environments) with an isolate of F. culmorum that produced high levels of DON. Grain DON and 3-ADON contents were determined by an enzyme immunoassay and head blight severity was assessed. Additionally, a total of 166 rye samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The two methods were highly correlated (0.9). Mean DON contents ranged from 20 to 129 mg kg−1, and mean disease severity from 3.8 to 6.8 on the 1-to-9 scale. The parental means generally resembled the means of their respective F3 progenies. Significant (P = 0.01) genotypic variance was detected, but genotype × environment interaction was also high (P = 0.01) for the two traits. Grain DON content, however, showed lower heritabilities than head blight rating, especially in rye. Coefficients of phenotypic correlation between FHB severity and DON content, therefore, were only in the medium range for rye (0.3–0.7) and higher for wheat (0.8). Genotypic correlation coefficients generally showed a tight association in both rye and wheat (0.8–0.9). Transgressive segregants for higher DON content were found in three rye populations and for higher FHB resistance in one rye population. Selection for lower grain DON content and FHB resistance can be effectively started by plant breeders as early as in the F3 generation. Lines with low DON content can be indirectly achieved by selecting for reduced head blight severity across environments.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme immunoassay and GC-MS measurements of DON were highly correlated.
Verbatim
e0“The two methods were highly correlated (0.9)”
e1“Grain DON and 3-ADON contents were determined by an enzyme immunoassay”
e2“analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean grain DON content ranged from 20 to 129 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Secale cereale
Triticum aestivume1 - Outcome
- DON contentse0
- Value
- 20 to 129 mg kg−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean DON contents ranged from 20 to 129 mg kg−1”
e1“winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean Fusarium head blight severity ranged from 3.8 to 6.8 on a 1–9 scale.
- Taxon
- winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Secale cerealeTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Value
- 3.8 to 6.8 on the 1-to-9 scalee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mean disease severity from 3.8 to 6.8 on the 1-to-9 scale”
e1“winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Parental means generally resembled the means of their F3 progenies.
- Taxon
- winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Secale cerealeTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- parental meanse0
- Comparator
- F3 progeniese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The parental means generally resembled the means of their respective F3 progenies”
e1“winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
DON content and head blight rating both showed significant genotypic variance.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Significant (P = 0.01) genotypic variance was detected”
e1“for the two traits”
e2“Grain DON and 3-ADON contents were determined by an enzyme immunoassay and head blight severity was assessed”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype × environment interactions for DON and head blight were high.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“genotype × environment interaction was also high (P = 0.01) for the two traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain DON content had lower heritability than head blight rating, especially in rye.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- heritabilitiese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- head blight ratinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain DON content, however, showed lower heritabilities than head blight rating, especially in rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenotypic correlation between head blight severity and DON content was medium in rye, at 0.3–0.7.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- phenotypic correlation between FHB severity and DON contente0
- Value
- 0.3–0.7e0
- Comparator
- FHB severitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coefficients of phenotypic correlation between FHB severity and DON content, therefore, were only in the medium range for rye (0.3–0.7)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenotypic correlation between head blight severity and DON content was higher in wheat, at 0.8.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- phenotypic correlation between FHB severity and DON contente1
- Value
- 0.8e0
- Comparator
- FHB severitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher for wheat (0.8)”
e1“Coefficients of phenotypic correlation between FHB severity and DON content”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypic correlation between the traits was tight in both rye and wheat, at 0.8–0.9.
- Taxon
- rye and wheatSecale cerealeTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- rye and wheate0
- Outcome
- Genotypic correlation coefficientse0
- Value
- 0.8–0.9e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypic correlation coefficients generally showed a tight association in both rye and wheat (0.8–0.9)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three rye populations contained transgressive segregants with higher DON content.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- DON contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- three rye populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgressive segregants for higher DON content were found in three rye populations”
Claim · model-written summary
One rye population contained transgressive segregants with higher Fusarium head blight resistance.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- FHB resistancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- one rye populatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for higher FHB resistance in one rye population”
e1“Transgressive segregants for higher DON content were found in three rye populations”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend starting selection for low DON content and head blight resistance in F3.
- Taxon
- winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Secale cerealeTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Selection for lower grain DON content and FHB resistancee0
- Qualifier
- as early as in the F3 generatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selection for lower grain DON content and FHB resistance can be effectively started by plant breeders as early as in the F3 generation”
e1“winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend selecting reduced head blight severity across environments to obtain low-DON lines indirectly.
- Taxon
- winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Secale cerealeTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Lines with low DON contente0
- Qualifier
- selecting for reduced head blight severity across environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lines with low DON content can be indirectly achieved by selecting for reduced head blight severity across environments”
e1“winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”