Abstract
The early soybean production system (ESPS) was reported to be beneficial for yield compared to the conventional soybean production system (CSPS) and is widely used in the Southern USA. The objective of this study was to compare yield, yield components, root traits, and shoot traits in ESPS (April planting) and CSPS (June planting) in NC Sandhills using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, ‘Hartwig’ by ‘Flyer’ (n=92). The population was grown in Spring Lake, NC in 2008 at a density of 16 seeds m-2. The traits measured were days to germination, days to flowering, plant height, seed weight, seed number, pod number, harvest index, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, maximum root length, and lateral root number. The survival rate ranged from 83.7 to 90.22% for ESPS; however, it was 21.74% for CSPS. Significant differences were observed for almost all traits measured in ESPS (April) compared to CSPS (June) apart from fresh root weight and lateral root number. An average increase in flowering time of 9 days was observed in CSPS compared to ESPS. On the other hand, several traits showed a significant mean decrease in CSPS compared to ESPS as plant height by 41.96%, seed weight by 74.7%, harvest index by 73.3%, pod number by 65.2%, and seed number by 64.9%. The means for root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, maximum root length, and lateral root numbers are shown in Table 2 for both ESPS and CSPS. The results indicated an average decrease of 40.4% in root fresh weight, of 70.2% in root dry weight, of 68.1% in shoot fresh weight, of 80.1% in shoot dry weight, and of 83.3% in maximum root length in CSPS compared to ESPS. However, lateral root numbers increased by an average of 12.7% in CSPS compared to ESPS. Therefore, CSPS may not be appropriate for soybean at least in NC Sandhills.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Survival was 83.7 to 90.22% under ESPS versus 21.74% under CSPS.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- ESPSe0
- Outcome
- survival ratee0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 83.7 to 90.22%e0
- Qualifier
- 21.74%e0
- Comparator
- CSPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The survival rate ranged from 83.7 to 90.22% for ESPS; however, it was 21.74% for CSPS.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Almost all measured traits differed significantly between planting systems.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ESPS (April)e0
- Outcome
- almost all traits measurede0
- Comparator
- CSPS (June)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences were observed for almost all traits measured in ESPS (April) compared to CSPS (June) apart from fresh root weight and lateral root number.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS increased flowering time by 9 days compared with ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- flowering timee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 9 dayse0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An average increase in flowering time of 9 days was observed in CSPS compared to ESPS.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS decreased plant height by 41.96% relative to ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 41.96%e0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several traits showed a significant mean decrease in CSPS compared to ESPS as plant height by 41.96%, seed weight by 74.7%, harvest index by 73.3%, pod number by 65.2%, and seed number by 64.9%.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS decreased seed weight by 74.7% relative to ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 74.7%e0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several traits showed a significant mean decrease in CSPS compared to ESPS as plant height by 41.96%, seed weight by 74.7%, harvest index by 73.3%, pod number by 65.2%, and seed number by 64.9%.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS decreased harvest index by 73.3% relative to ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 73.3%e0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several traits showed a significant mean decrease in CSPS compared to ESPS as plant height by 41.96%, seed weight by 74.7%, harvest index by 73.3%, pod number by 65.2%, and seed number by 64.9%.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS decreased pod number by 65.2% relative to ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- pod numbere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 65.2%e0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several traits showed a significant mean decrease in CSPS compared to ESPS as plant height by 41.96%, seed weight by 74.7%, harvest index by 73.3%, pod number by 65.2%, and seed number by 64.9%.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS decreased seed number by 64.9% relative to ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- seed numbere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 64.9%e0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several traits showed a significant mean decrease in CSPS compared to ESPS as plant height by 41.96%, seed weight by 74.7%, harvest index by 73.3%, pod number by 65.2%, and seed number by 64.9%.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS decreased root fresh weight by 40.4% relative to ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 40.4%e0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated an average decrease of 40.4% in root fresh weight, of 70.2% in root dry weight, of 68.1% in shoot fresh weight, of 80.1% in shoot dry weight, and of 83.3% in maximum root length in CSPS compared to ESPS.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS decreased root dry weight by 70.2% relative to ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 70.2%e0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated an average decrease of 40.4% in root fresh weight, of 70.2% in root dry weight, of 68.1% in shoot fresh weight, of 80.1% in shoot dry weight, and of 83.3% in maximum root length in CSPS compared to ESPS.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS decreased shoot fresh weight by 68.1% relative to ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 68.1%e0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated an average decrease of 40.4% in root fresh weight, of 70.2% in root dry weight, of 68.1% in shoot fresh weight, of 80.1% in shoot dry weight, and of 83.3% in maximum root length in CSPS compared to ESPS.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS decreased shoot dry weight by 80.1% relative to ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 80.1%e0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated an average decrease of 40.4% in root fresh weight, of 70.2% in root dry weight, of 68.1% in shoot fresh weight, of 80.1% in shoot dry weight, and of 83.3% in maximum root length in CSPS compared to ESPS.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS decreased maximum root length by 83.3% relative to ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- maximum root lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 83.3%e0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated an average decrease of 40.4% in root fresh weight, of 70.2% in root dry weight, of 68.1% in shoot fresh weight, of 80.1% in shoot dry weight, and of 83.3% in maximum root length in CSPS compared to ESPS.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPS increased lateral root numbers by 12.7% relative to ESPS.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CSPSe0
- Outcome
- lateral root numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.7%e0
- Comparator
- ESPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lateral root numbers increased by an average of 12.7% in CSPS compared to ESPS.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors advise that CSPS may be inappropriate for soybean in NC Sandhills.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- CSPS may not be appropriatee0
- Setting
- NC Sandhillse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CSPS may not be appropriate for soybean at least in NC Sandhills.”