Abstract
Abstract The malt industry has specific requirements for malting barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) grain protein concentration (from 9.5 to 13%) and size (>85%), which could be affected by nitrogen (N) fertilization. We aimed to (a) define and explain the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) for grain yield in feed (EONRf) and malting barley (EONRm), and (b) analyze if grain quality requirements are reached at the EONRm. We evaluated six N rates (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg N ha −1 ) in field experiments (14 site‐years). At each site‐year, the EONR was calculated using two fertilizer cost to grain price ratios, 6:1 for feed and 4:1 for malting barley. On average, maximum yield and protein response to N were 1,681 kg ha −1 and 2%, respectively. There was no consistent effect of N fertilization on grain size. The EONRf was explained by N availability and maximum yield response to N ( y = 130 – 0.37N availability + 0.03N response, r 2 = .89), and EONRm was explained solely by N availability ( y = 320 – 0.93N availability, r 2 = .75). The overall EONRm was 134 kg N ha −1 . At sites with low soil N availability and high yield response to N, an average N rate of 69 kg ha −1 greater than the EONRm was necessary to reach 9.5% protein. Otherwise, the EONRf could be used (106 kg N ha −1 ) and grains be sold as feed barley. These results are useful to adjust N fertilizer recommendations to satisfy the malting industry demand while reducing the economic and environmental impacts of fertilization.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The feed barley economic optimum N rate was explained by N availability and maximum yield response to N.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- N availabilitye1
- Outcome
- EONRfe1
- Value
- r 2 = .89e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
e1“The EONRf was explained by N availability and maximum yield response to N ( y = 130 – 0.37N availability + 0.03N response, r 2 = .89)”
Claim · model-written summary
The malting barley economic optimum N rate was explained solely by N availability.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- N availabilitye2
- Outcome
- EONRme2
- Value
- r 2 = .75e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
e2“EONRm was explained solely by N availability ( y = 320 – 0.93N availability, r 2 = .75)”
Claim · model-written summary
The overall malting barley economic optimum N rate was 134 kg N ha-1.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- EONRme3
- Value
- 134 kg N ha −1e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
e3“The overall EONRm was 134 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
On average, maximum yield response to N was 1,681 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- maximum yielde4
- Value
- 1,681 kg ha −1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
e4“On average, maximum yield and protein response to N were 1,681 kg ha −1 and 2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
On average, protein response to N was 2%.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- protein response to Ne4
- Value
- 2%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
e4“On average, maximum yield and protein response to N were 1,681 kg ha −1 and 2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization had no consistent effect on barley grain size.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- grain sizee5
- Direction
- no consistent effecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
e5“There was no consistent effect of N fertilization on grain size”
Claim · model-written summary
The economic optimum N rate for feed barley (EONRf) could be used at 106 kg N ha-1 where grain is sold as feed.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- EONRfe6
- Value
- 106 kg N ha −1e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
e6“the EONRf could be used (106 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
At sites with low soil N availability and high yield response to N, an average N rate of 69 kg ha-1 above the EONRm was necessary to reach 9.5% protein.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- N ratee7
- Value
- 69 kg ha −1e7
- Qualifier
- At sites with low soil N availability and high yield response to Ne7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
e7“At sites with low soil N availability and high yield response to N, an average N rate of 69 kg ha −1 greater than the EONRm was necessary to reach 9.5% protein”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend adjusting N fertilizer recommendations to satisfy the malting industry demand while reducing economic and environmental impacts.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer recommendationse7
- Qualifier
- to satisfy the malting industry demande7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hordeum vulgare L.”
e7“These results are useful to adjust N fertilizer recommendations to satisfy the malting industry demand while reducing the economic and environmental impacts of fertilization”
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