Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), also known as Diaphorina citri, is the natural vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus ( C Las), which is responsible for Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating citrus disease. Previously, the pathogen was successfully excluded from diseased citrus plants by using the indigenous endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1‐21. However, the pathogen elimination and colonization potential of B. subtilis L1‐21 in the carrier vector ACP, as well as the recruitment of native microbial communities of psyllid in the presence of endophytes, are still unknown. RESULTS Initially, we suggested that endophyte L1‐21 reduced the C Las copies in ACP from 6.58 × 10 6 to 5.04 × 10 4 per insect after 48 h, however, the pathogen copies remained stable in the negative control. The endophyte was stable for 48 h after application. Among the bacterial genera those highlighted in ACP were Candidatus Liberibacter , Pseudomonas, Candidatus Profftella , Methylobacterium‐Methylorubrum, Pantoea, Curtobacterium, Wolbachia, Actinomycetospora , and Bacillus . Interestingly, B. subtilis L1‐21 easily colonizes the midgut of ACP but cannot be detected in eggs. When ACP with endophyte L1‐21 was allowed to feed on new citrus leaves, the highest colonization was observed. We also found that psyllids carrying endophyte L1‐21 after feeding on citrus leaves reduced the C Las copies in leaves on the 0, 3rd and 5th day from 8.18 × 10, 4 2.6 × 10, 3 and 0 pathogen copies/g fresh midvein, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We propose that B. subtilis L1‐21 is a native endophyte in citrus and psyllid, which efficiently reduces the C Las pathogen in both citrus and psyllids, provides a more protective effect by increasing the number of cultivable endophytes, and successfully colonizes the midgut of ACP. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte L1-21 reduced Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus copies in the psyllid from 6.58 × 10 6 to 5.04 × 10 4 per insect after 48 h, whereas pathogen copies stayed stable in the negative control.
- Treatment
- endophyte L1‐21e0
- Interactor
- C Lase0pathogen
- Second interactor
- endophyte L1‐21e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- C Las copies in ACPe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6.58 × 10 6 to 5.04 × 10 4e0
- Comparator
- negative controle0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus endophyte”
e0“endophyte L1‐21 reduced the C Las copies in ACP from 6.58 × 10 6 to 5.04 × 10 4 per insect after 48 h, however, the pathogen copies remained stable in the negative control”
Claim · model-written summary
Psyllids carrying endophyte L1-21 after feeding on citrus leaves reduced C Las copies in leaves on days 0, 3 and 5.
- Treatment
- after feeding on citrus leavese1
- Interactor
- C Lase1pathogen
- Second interactor
- endophyte L1‐21e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- C Las copies in leavese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 8.18 × 10, 4 2.6 × 10, 3 and 0e1
- Qualifier
- on the 0, 3rd and 5th daye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus endophyte”
e1“psyllids carrying endophyte L1‐21 after feeding on citrus leaves reduced the C Las copies in leaves on the 0, 3rd and 5th day from 8.18 × 10, 4 2.6 × 10, 3 and 0 pathogen copies/g fresh midvein, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte L1-21 easily colonizes the midgut of the Asian citrus psyllid.
- Organ / stage
- midgute2
- Interactor
- B. subtilis L1‐21
Bacillus subtilise2symbiont - Outcome
- easily colonizes the midgut of ACPe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus endophyte”
e2“B. subtilis L1‐21 easily colonizes the midgut of ACP but cannot be detected in eggs”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte L1-21 cannot be detected in psyllid eggs.
- Organ / stage
- eggse2
- Interactor
- B. subtilis L1‐21Bacillus subtilise2symbiont
- Outcome
- cannot be detected in eggse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus endophyte”
e2“B. subtilis L1‐21 easily colonizes the midgut of ACP but cannot be detected in eggs”
Claim · model-written summary
Psyllids feeding on new citrus leaves showed the highest colonization by endophyte L1-21.
- Treatment
- allowed to feed on new citrus leavese3
- Interactor
- endophyte L1‐21e3symbiont
- Outcome
- the highest colonizatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus endophyte”
e3“When ACP with endophyte L1‐21 was allowed to feed on new citrus leaves, the highest colonization was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial genera highlighted in the Asian citrus psyllid community were recorded.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus endophyte”
e4“Among the bacterial genera those highlighted in ACP were”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte L1-21 remained stable for 48 h after application.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“citrus endophyte”
e5“The endophyte was stable for 48 h after application”
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