Abstract
Banana Fusarium wilt-suppressive soils are effective against pathogen invasion, yet soil physicochemical factors responsible for conducive or suppressive behavior have not been reported. Here, we investigated the changes in banana biomass, disease incidence (DI), soil culturable microbes and physicochemical properties by incorporating pepper and banana residues into conducive and suppressive soils. Before the incorporation of any residues, the suppressive soil significantly increased banana biomass and decreased DI compared to the conducive soil. The biomass of the suppressive soil was significantly higher than that of the conducive soil after the incorporation of either pepper or banana residues. Compared with the control (CK), the incorporation of pepper residues to both soils significantly reduced DI, while banana residues had the opposite effect. Additionally, both conducive and suppressive soils supplemented with pepper residues significantly reduced the amounts of culturable Fusarium oxysporum and increased the amounts of beneficial Pseudomonas and Bacillus. The pepper residue extracts significantly inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum mycelium. Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) responded most strongly to residue application to suppressive soil. The AN factor was significantly and positively correlated with banana biomass; however, there was no direct and significant negative correlation with DI. Further analysis of the results showed that elevated AN content could stimulate the amounts of culturable Bacillus in the soil, and Bacillus antagonized the proliferation of pathogen and thus indirectly and effectively reduced banana DI. In conclusion, soil AN content can indirectly improve the disease suppression ability of pepper-residue-mediated suppressive soil by manipulating the soil microbiome.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressive soil increased banana biomass relative to conducive soil before residue incorporation.
Verbatim
e0“Before the incorporation of any residues, the suppressive soil significantly increased banana biomass and decreased DI compared to the conducive soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressive soil decreased banana disease incidence relative to conducive soil before residue incorporation.
Verbatim
e0“Before the incorporation of any residues, the suppressive soil significantly increased banana biomass and decreased DI compared to the conducive soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
With pepper residues, suppressive soil had higher banana biomass than conducive soil.
Verbatim
e0“The biomass of the suppressive soil was significantly higher than that of the conducive soil after the incorporation of either pepper or banana residues.”
t0“changes in banana biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
With banana residues, suppressive soil had higher banana biomass than conducive soil.
Verbatim
e0“The biomass of the suppressive soil was significantly higher than that of the conducive soil after the incorporation of either pepper or banana residues.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper residues reduced banana disease incidence in both soil types relative to control.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control (CK), the incorporation of pepper residues to both soils significantly reduced DI, while banana residues had the opposite effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana residues increased banana disease incidence relative to control.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control (CK), the incorporation of pepper residues to both soils significantly reduced DI, while banana residues had the opposite effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper residues reduced soil culturable Fusarium oxysporum in both soils.
- Taxon
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0 - Treatment
- pepper residuese0
- Outcome
- amounts of culturable Fusarium oxysporume0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“both conducive and suppressive soils supplemented with pepper residues significantly reduced the amounts of culturable Fusarium oxysporum and increased the amounts of beneficial Pseudomonas and Bacillus.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper residues increased beneficial Pseudomonas in both soils.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0 - Treatment
- pepper residuese0
- Outcome
- amounts of beneficial Pseudomonase0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both conducive and suppressive soils supplemented with pepper residues significantly reduced the amounts of culturable Fusarium oxysporum and increased the amounts of beneficial Pseudomonas and Bacillus.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper residues increased beneficial Bacillus in both soils.
- Taxon
- Bacilluse0
- Treatment
- pepper residuese0
- Outcome
- amounts of beneficial Pseudomonas and Bacilluse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“both conducive and suppressive soils supplemented with pepper residues significantly reduced the amounts of culturable Fusarium oxysporum and increased the amounts of beneficial Pseudomonas and Bacillus.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper residue extracts inhibited Fusarium oxysporum mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0
- Treatment
- pepper residue extractse0
- Outcome
- growth of F. oxysporum myceliume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pepper residue extracts significantly inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum mycelium.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen responded most strongly to residue application in suppressive soil.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) responded most strongly to residue application to suppressive soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen correlated positively with banana biomass.
Verbatim
e0“The AN factor was significantly and positively correlated with banana biomass; however, there was no direct and significant negative correlation with DI.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen had no significant direct negative correlation with banana disease incidence.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The AN factor was significantly and positively correlated with banana biomass; however, there was no direct and significant negative correlation with DI.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated soil nitrogen could stimulate culturable Bacillus.
Verbatim
e0“elevated AN content could stimulate the amounts of culturable Bacillus in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus antagonized the pathogen and indirectly reduced banana disease incidence.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus antagonized the proliferation of pathogen and thus indirectly and effectively reduced banana DI.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that soil nitrogen indirectly improves suppression by pepper residues through the soil microbiome.
Verbatim
e0“soil AN content can indirectly improve the disease suppression ability of pepper-residue-mediated suppressive soil by manipulating the soil microbiome.”
t0“changes in banana biomass”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · disease · Fusarium oxysporumResults agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.