Abstract
The present study assessed the extent of animal menace and its impact on the economic losses of crops in midhill regions of Himachal Pradesh. The study was conducted in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh and was based on the primary data collected from 60 farm households selected through three stage random sampling process. It was observed that in the existing scenario, due to animal menace, the net and total cropped area has declined by 12.66 and 17.35%, respectively in comparison to the before menace period. Out of the total cropped area, 33.03% was prone to animal menace out of which 54.69 and 45.31% was affected by wild and stray animals, respectively. The extent of animal menace varied across the crops. On an average, 45.76, 43.07 and 31.25% of total area under maize, wheat and paddy, respectively was prone to animal menace and it was relatively lower in vegetable crops vis-a-vis cereals.The overall productivity levels of cereal crops decreased by about 16 to 24% due to the problem of animal menace in the study area. The total cost of cultivation of field crops in menace prone areas and overall situation (menace prone + non menace prone) was significantly higher compared to the non-menace prone areas due to the cost of watch and ward and fencing activities on sample farms. The total economic losses on account of animal menace in field crops were estimated at ` 25358/farm in which the share of wheat was highest (32.48%), followed by paddy (13.27%) and maize (12.22%). In the total economic loss, the share of loss in production was slightly higher (53.63%) compared to increase in total cost of cultivation on account of management of animal menace
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Animal menace reduced the net cropped area by 12.66% compared with the period before menace.
Verbatim
e0“The present study assessed the extent of animal menace and its impact on the economic losses of crops in midhill regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e1“due to animal menace, the net and total cropped area has declined by 12.66 and 17.35%, respectively in comparison to the before menace period”
Claim · model-written summary
Animal menace reduced the total cropped area by 17.35% compared with the period before menace.
Verbatim
e0“The present study assessed the extent of animal menace and its impact on the economic losses of crops in midhill regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e1“due to animal menace, the net and total cropped area has declined by 12.66 and 17.35%, respectively in comparison to the before menace period”
Claim · model-written summary
33.03% of the total cropped area was prone to animal menace.
Verbatim
e0“The present study assessed the extent of animal menace and its impact on the economic losses of crops in midhill regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e2“Out of the total cropped area, 33.03% was prone to animal menace”
Claim · model-written summary
54.69% of the menace-prone area was affected by wild animals.
Verbatim
e0“The present study assessed the extent of animal menace and its impact on the economic losses of crops in midhill regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e3“out of which 54.69 and 45.31% was affected by wild and stray animals, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
45.31% of the menace-prone area was affected by stray animals.
Verbatim
e0“The present study assessed the extent of animal menace and its impact on the economic losses of crops in midhill regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e3“out of which 54.69 and 45.31% was affected by wild and stray animals, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The extent of animal menace varied across the crops.
Verbatim
e0“The present study assessed the extent of animal menace and its impact on the economic losses of crops in midhill regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e4“The extent of animal menace varied across the crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize had 45.76% of its area under prone to animal menace.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“On an average, 45.76, 43.07 and 31.25% of total area under maize, wheat and paddy, respectively was prone to animal menace”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat had 43.07% of its area prone to animal menace.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume5 - Outcome
- prone to animal menacee5
- Value
- 43.07e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“On an average, 45.76, 43.07 and 31.25% of total area under maize, wheat and paddy, respectively was prone to animal menace”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy had 31.25% of its area prone to animal menace.
Verbatim
e5“On an average, 45.76, 43.07 and 31.25% of total area under maize, wheat and paddy, respectively was prone to animal menace”
Claim · model-written summary
The menace-prone area was relatively lower in vegetable crops than in cereals.
Verbatim
e6“On an average, 45.76, 43.07 and 31.25% of total area under maize, wheat and paddy, respectively was prone to animal menace and it was relatively lower in vegetable crops vis-a-vis cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Animal menace decreased the productivity levels of cereal crops by about 16 to 24%.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse7
- Treatment
- problem of animal menacee7
- Outcome
- productivity levelse7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- 16 to 24%e7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“The overall productivity levels of cereal crops decreased by about 16 to 24% due to the problem of animal menace in the study area”
Claim · model-written summary
The total cost of cultivation of field crops was significantly higher in menace-prone areas than in non-menace-prone areas.
Verbatim
e1“The total cost of cultivation of field crops in menace prone areas and overall situation (menace prone + non menace prone) was significantly higher compared to the non-menace prone areas”
Claim · model-written summary
The total economic loss from animal menace in field crops was estimated at 25358 per farm.
Verbatim
e1“The total economic losses on account of animal menace in field crops were estimated at ` 25358/farm”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat had the highest share (32.48%) of the economic loss.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- sharee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 32.48%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in which the share of wheat was highest (32.48%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy had a 13.27% share of the economic loss.
Verbatim
e1“the share of wheat was highest (32.48%), followed by paddy (13.27%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize had a 12.22% share of the economic loss.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the share of wheat was highest (32.48%), followed by paddy (13.27%) and maize (12.22%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The share of loss in production (53.63%) was slightly higher than the increase in total cost of cultivation.
Verbatim
e1“The total economic losses on account of animal menace in field crops were estimated at ` 25358/farm”
e2“the share of loss in production was slightly higher (53.63%) compared to increase in total cost of cultivation”