Abstract
In Nepal, blanket fertilizer recommendations without considering diverse soil types, nutrient status, climate and crop management practices along with imbalanced fertilization practices by farmers, mainly “urea fertilizer,” have resulted in reduced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and productivity in tomato production. Optimizing the rate of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, application time and improved application methods could increase crop yields and NUE and reduce environmental costs. This study was conducted to identify the optimum N rate and application method for increased tomato yield and NUE. Multilocation trials (n = 28) conducted in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments across five districts included the omission of N, P and K (N0, P0, K0), variable N rates of 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha−1 (N-100, N-150, N-200 and N-250), use of urea briquettes (UB) with deep placement (UBN-150) and a control (CK). N input in UB was reduced by 25% from the recommended N rate of 200 kg ha−1 considering its expected higher NUE. Yield responses from an NPK omission plot revealed N as the most limiting plant nutrient. Applications of fertilizer at N-100, N-150, N-200 and N-250 increased tomato yield by 27%, 35%, 43% and 27%, respectively, over N0. Tomato yields responded quadratically to the added N fertilizers with optimum rates ranging from 150 to 200 kg ha−1 across districts. UBN-150 significantly increased tomato yield by 12% over N-150 and produced a similar yield to N-200 (the recommended rate). The highest partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) was observed at N-100 and the highest agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) was at N-200. Deep placement of UB at-150 increased PFPN by 8% and 21% and AEN by 27% and 21% compared with N-150 and N-200, respectively. These results have positive implications for developing efficient N fertilization strategies to increase tomato yields and reduce environmental impacts in Nepal.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen was the most limiting plant nutrient in omission plots.
Verbatim
e0“Yield responses from an NPK omission plot revealed N as the most limiting plant nutrient”
Claim · model-written summary
N-100 increased tomato yield by 27% over N0.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- N-100e0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- N0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of fertilizer at N-100, N-150, N-200 and N-250 increased tomato yield by 27%, 35%, 43% and 27%, respectively, over N0”
Claim · model-written summary
N-150 increased tomato yield by 35% over N0.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- N-150e0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Comparator
- N0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of fertilizer at N-100, N-150, N-200 and N-250 increased tomato yield by 27%, 35%, 43% and 27%, respectively, over N0”
Claim · model-written summary
N-200 increased tomato yield by 43% over N0.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- N-200e0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 43%e0
- Comparator
- N0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of fertilizer at N-100, N-150, N-200 and N-250 increased tomato yield by 27%, 35%, 43% and 27%, respectively, over N0”
Claim · model-written summary
N-250 increased tomato yield by 27% over N0.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- N-250e0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- N0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of fertilizer at N-100, N-150, N-200 and N-250 increased tomato yield by 27%, 35%, 43% and 27%, respectively, over N0”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato yield responded quadratically to nitrogen, with optima of 150 to 200 kg ha−1 across districts.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- added N fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Tomato yieldse0
- Value
- 150 to 200 kg ha−1e0
- Setting
- districtse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato yields responded quadratically to the added N fertilizers with optimum rates ranging from 150 to 200 kg ha−1 across districts”
Claim · model-written summary
UBN-150 increased tomato yield by 12% over N-150.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- UBN-150e0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Comparator
- N-150e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UBN-150 significantly increased tomato yield by 12% over N-150”
Claim · model-written summary
UBN-150 produced a similar tomato yield to N-200.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- UBN-150e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- N-200e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UBN-150 significantly increased tomato yield by 12% over N-150 and produced a similar yield to N-200”
Claim · model-written summary
N-100 had the highest PFPN.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- N-100e0
- Outcome
- partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) was observed at N-100”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
N-200 had the highest AEN.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- N-200e0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency of N (AEN)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) was at N-200”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement of UB at-150 increased PFPN by 8% compared with N-150.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Deep placement of UB at-150e0
- Outcome
- PFPNe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Comparator
- N-150e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep placement of UB at-150 increased PFPN by 8% and 21% and AEN by 27% and 21% compared with N-150 and N-200, respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement of UB at-150 increased PFPN by 21% compared with N-200.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Deep placement of UB at-150e0
- Outcome
- PFPNe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Comparator
- N-200e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep placement of UB at-150 increased PFPN by 8% and 21% and AEN by 27% and 21% compared with N-150 and N-200, respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement of UB at-150 increased AEN by 27% compared with N-150.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Deep placement of UB at-150e0
- Outcome
- AENe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- N-150e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep placement of UB at-150 increased PFPN by 8% and 21% and AEN by 27% and 21% compared with N-150 and N-200, respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement of UB at-150 increased AEN by 21% compared with N-200.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Deep placement of UB at-150e0
- Outcome
- AENe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Comparator
- N-200e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep placement of UB at-150 increased PFPN by 8% and 21% and AEN by 27% and 21% compared with N-150 and N-200, respectively”
t0“Tomato”
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