Abstract
Blackleg of oilseed rape caused by Leptosphaeria maculans/L. biglobosa is a worldwide important disease. L. maculans is more virulent than L. biglobosa, so it causes a great concern for oilseed rape production. In China, blackleg (L. biglobosa) of oilseed rape was reported in the 2000s, but epidemiological features of blackleg have not been well elucidated. Moreover, whether L. maculans exists in China is still an open question. Therefore, a 5-year survey was done in China to collect blackleg-occurrence data for characterizing the features of blackleg epidemics and to identify the blackleg pathogens for assessing the risk of L. maculans invasion. The results showed that all the 19 surveyed provinces had blackleg on oilseed rape, and the most frequently occurring provinces are Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, and Hubei. Phoma stem canker was the most common symptom, which was associated with stem cracks on winter oilseed rape and with stem-weevil activities on spring oilseed rape. Temperature and rainfall were the main factors for blackleg epidemics on winter oilseed rape, whereas rainfall was the main factor for blackleg epidemics on spring oilseed rape. Brassica campestris and B. juncea oilseed rapes were more susceptible than B. napus to blackleg. Oilseed rapes cultivated under the continuous dry land-cropping pattern were more prone to blackleg than those cultivated under the paddy land/dry land-cropping pattern. All 6,015 fungal isolates from blackleg plant tissues belonged to L. biglobosa. These results are helpful for understanding the blackleg epidemics of oilseed rapes and for management of this disease in China.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Blackleg occurred on oilseed rape in all 19 surveyed provinces.
- Taxon
- oilseed rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse0 - Outcome
- blacklege0
- Value
- 19 surveyed provincese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“all the 19 surveyed provinces had blackleg on oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Blackleg occurred most frequently in Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi and Hubei.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- most frequently occurringe0
- Direction
- most frequently occurringe0
- Setting
- Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, and Hubeie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most frequently occurring provinces are Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, and Hubei.”
t0“Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Phoma stem canker was the most common symptom.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- Phoma stem cankere0
- Direction
- most commone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phoma stem canker was the most common symptom”
t0“Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Phoma stem canker was associated with stem cracks on winter oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Outcome
- Phoma stem cankere0
- Qualifier
- associated with stem crackse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phoma stem canker was the most common symptom, which was associated with stem cracks on winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Phoma stem canker was associated with stem-weevil activities on spring oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Interactor
- stem-weevile0pest
- Outcome
- Phoma stem cankere0
- Qualifier
- spring oilseed rapee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phoma stem canker was the most common symptom, which was associated with stem cracks on winter oilseed rape and with stem-weevil activities on spring oilseed rape.”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature and rainfall were the main factors for winter oilseed rape blackleg epidemics.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Outcome
- blackleg epidemicse0
- Qualifier
- Temperature and rainfalle0
- Setting
- winter oilseed rapee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature and rainfall were the main factors for blackleg epidemics on winter oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall was the main factor for spring oilseed rape blackleg epidemics.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Outcome
- blackleg epidemicse0
- Qualifier
- rainfalle0
- Setting
- spring oilseed rapee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rainfall was the main factor for blackleg epidemics on spring oilseed rape.”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica campestris was more susceptible to blackleg than B. napus.
- Taxon
- Brassica campestris
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. oleiferae0 - Outcome
- susceptiblee0
- Direction
- more susceptiblee0
- Comparator
- B. napuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Brassica campestris and B. juncea oilseed rapes were more susceptible than B. napus to blackleg.”
Claim · model-written summary
B. juncea was more susceptible to blackleg than B. napus.
- Taxon
- B. juncea
Brassica junceae0 - Outcome
- susceptiblee0
- Direction
- more susceptiblee0
- Comparator
- B. napuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brassica campestris and B. juncea oilseed rapes were more susceptible than B. napus to blackleg.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oilseed rapes under continuous dry land cropping were more prone to blackleg than under paddy land/dry land cropping.
- Taxon
- Oilseed rapesBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- continuous dry land-cropping patterne0
- Outcome
- blacklege0
- Direction
- more pronee0
- Comparator
- paddy land/dry land-cropping patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oilseed rapes cultivated under the continuous dry land-cropping pattern were more prone to blackleg than those cultivated under the paddy land/dry land-cropping pattern.”
Claim · model-written summary
All 6,015 fungal isolates from blackleg plant tissues were L. biglobosa.
- Taxon
- L. biglobosaPlenodomus biglobosuse0
- Outcome
- fungal isolates from blackleg plant tissues belonged to L. biglobosae0
- Value
- 6,015 fungal isolatese0
Verbatim
e0“All 6,015 fungal isolates from blackleg plant tissues belonged to L. biglobosa.”