Abstract
The belt uniform (BU) sowing pattern can improve the yield of winter wheat, but whether and how the BU sowing pattern can increase yield under different sowing densities is unknown. The field study was conducted in Guiyang (Guizhou province) during the growing season in 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019–2020. Four winter wheat cultivars were used in field experiments to investigate the changes of the dry matter accumulation and partition, yield and yield components at maturity under five sowing densities (75, 150, 225, 300, and 375 plants per m2), and three sowing patterns: line and dense (LD) sowing with 33.3 cm row spacing (LDS); the belt uniform (BU) sowing with 15 cm (BUN), and 20 cm (BUW) row spacing. The BU sowing pattern significantly increases shoot dry matter and grain yield in all four winter wheat cultivars under all five sowing densities and in each growing season, particularly under the high sowing density of 300 and 375 plants m−2. Harvest index was unaffected by the different sowing densities and sowing patterns. While spike number increased, grain weight per spike decreased with the increase in sowing density. The 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike were unaffected by the sowing patterns. The variation in the shoot dry weight can explain 94% variation in grain yield and 66% variation in spike number. Allometric analysis showed that more dry matter was partitioned to the spike than to the stem and leaf. We conclude that the BU sowing pattern can increase grain yield under high sowing densities associated with a high shoot dry matter accumulation and its partition to the spike.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
BU sowing increased shoot dry matter across cultivars, densities and seasons.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- BU sowing patterne0
- Outcome
- shoot dry mattere0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- all four winter wheat cultivars under all five sowing densities and in each growing seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BU sowing pattern significantly increases shoot dry matter and grain yield in all four winter wheat cultivars under all five sowing densities and in each growing season, particularly under the high sowing density of 300 and 375 plants m−2.”
Claim · model-written summary
BU sowing increased grain yield across cultivars, densities and seasons.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- BU sowing patterne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- 300 and 375 plants m−2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BU sowing pattern significantly increases shoot dry matter and grain yield in all four winter wheat cultivars under all five sowing densities and in each growing season, particularly under the high sowing density of 300 and 375 plants m−2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index was unaffected by density and sowing pattern.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- different sowing densities and sowing patternse0
- Outcome
- Harvest indexe0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvest index was unaffected by the different sowing densities and sowing patterns.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spike number increased with sowing density.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in sowing densitye0
- Outcome
- spike numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While spike number increased, grain weight per spike decreased with the increase in sowing density.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight per spike decreased as density rose.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in sowing densitye0
- Outcome
- grain weight per spikee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While spike number increased, grain weight per spike decreased with the increase in sowing density.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing pattern did not affect 1000-grain weight or grain number per spike.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sowing patternse0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weight and grain number per spikee0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike were unaffected by the sowing patterns.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight explained 94% of grain yield variation.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Outcome
- variation in grain yielde0
- Value
- 94%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The variation in the shoot dry weight can explain 94% variation in grain yield and 66% variation in spike number.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight explained 66% of spike number variation.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Outcome
- variation in spike numbere0
- Value
- 66%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The variation in the shoot dry weight can explain 94% variation in grain yield and 66% variation in spike number.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
More dry matter partitioned to spikes than stems and leaves.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- spikee0
- Outcome
- dry matter was partitionede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- stem and leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Allometric analysis showed that more dry matter was partitioned to the spike than to the stem and leaf.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
375 papers in the same direction as this paper · 115 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
494 papers more in this group
See all 498 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.