Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilization reduces worldwide food insecurity by boosting crop yield and stability. N is one of the most essential macromolecules required for the growth and reproduction of plants. It occurs in diverse chemical forms and circulates in natural and agricultural ecosystems. It is a constituent of chlorophyll, hence is required for the photosynthesis of plants. Plants receive N through their roots in the form of ammonia or nitrate. Nutritional quality and defense of plants that have a direct impact on herbivorous insects are altered by N fertilization and herbivorous insects can differentiate between plants that receive different applications of N fertilizer. Increasing N fertilization has a variable impact on plant species composition, plant growth, plant biomass, and yields. Plant tissue N and protein contents are also affected by nitrogen fertilization. Moreover, nitrogen fertilization affects many aspects of insects such as population dynamics, larval count, larval weight, feeding choice, and oviposition preference. Furthermore, predatory insect abundance, parasitization performance, and development of parasitoids on host insects are negatively affected by N fertilization. Other important effects of N fertilization are the hemolymph protein profile of herbivores, emission of VOCs, phytohormone biosynthesis, and direct and indirect defense of plants. The aim of this literature research is to demonstrate the effects of variable doses of N fertilization on the crop-herbivore-natural enemy tri-trophic systems. The information gathered in this review might help researchers understand the impact of optimal and excessive N fertilization on crop production and food security. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (2), 48-56
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization boosts crop yield and stability.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of nitrogen fertilization on crops”
e0“Nitrogen (N) fertilization reduces worldwide food insecurity by boosting crop yield and stability”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization alters the nutritional quality and defense of plants that affect herbivorous insects.
Verbatim
e1“Nutritional quality and defense of plants that have a direct impact on herbivorous insects are altered by N fertilization and herbivorous insects can differentiate between plants that receive different applications of N fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbivorous insects can differentiate between plants receiving different N fertilizer applications.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- different applications of N fertilizere1
- Interactor
- herbivorous insectse1herbivore
- Outcome
- differentiate between plantse1
Verbatim
e1“Nutritional quality and defense of plants that have a direct impact on herbivorous insects are altered by N fertilization and herbivorous insects can differentiate between plants that receive different applications of N fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilization has a variable effect on plant species composition and plant growth.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee3
- Treatment
- Increasing N fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- plant species composition, plant growthe3
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e3“Increasing N fertilization has a variable impact on plant species composition, plant growth, plant biomass, and yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilization has a variable effect on plant biomass and yields.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee3
- Treatment
- Increasing N fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- plant biomass, and yieldse3
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e3“Increasing N fertilization has a variable impact on plant species composition, plant growth, plant biomass, and yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization affects plant tissue N and protein contents.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effects of nitrogen fertilization on crops”
e4“Plant tissue N and protein contents are also affected by nitrogen fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization affects insect population dynamics and larval count and weight.
- Taxon
- cropst0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- population dynamics, larval count, larval weighte5
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effects of nitrogen fertilization on crops”
e5“Moreover, nitrogen fertilization affects many aspects of insects such as population dynamics, larval count, larval weight, feeding choice, and oviposition preference”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization affects insect feeding choice and oviposition preference.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effects of nitrogen fertilization on crops”
e5“Moreover, nitrogen fertilization affects many aspects of insects such as population dynamics, larval count, larval weight, feeding choice, and oviposition preference”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization negatively affects predatory insect abundance, parasitization performance and parasitoid development.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of nitrogen fertilization on crops”
e6“Furthermore, predatory insect abundance, parasitization performance, and development of parasitoids on host insects are negatively affected by N fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization alters the hemolymph protein profile of herbivores.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effects of nitrogen fertilization on crops”
e7“Other important effects of N fertilization are the hemolymph protein profile of herbivores, emission of VOCs, phytohormone biosynthesis, and direct and indirect defense of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization affects emission of VOCs and phytohormone biosynthesis.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effects of nitrogen fertilization on crops”
e7“Other important effects of N fertilization are the hemolymph protein profile of herbivores, emission of VOCs, phytohormone biosynthesis, and direct and indirect defense of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization affects direct and indirect defense of plants.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effects of nitrogen fertilization on crops”
e7“Other important effects of N fertilization are the hemolymph protein profile of herbivores, emission of VOCs, phytohormone biosynthesis, and direct and indirect defense of plants”