Abstract
The multi-layer structure of leaves supports endophyte colonization facilitating compatible plantmicrobe interactions. Endophytic microbiota, including bacteria, influence the vital activities of plants. Yet, information on bacterial communities in leaves of forest trees largely remains unknown. This study describes the bacterial endophytes observed in Tectona grandis (Teak) identified by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA sequences. The paper also provides details on the functional prediction of the bacterial community. Nine teak samples sequenced with 98% genome coverage provided 24,833–42,892 bacterial sequence reads, which aligned to 2827 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the V3–V4 conserved region with more than 97% sequence identity. Shannon Index ranged from 4.56–5.02 revealing high bacterial diversity. We identified 21 phyla, 39 classes, 65 orders, 226 families, and 127 genera. The phyla in abundance were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The identified genera include Lactobacillus (12.12%), Prevotella (9.78%), and Bacteroides(9.68%) and the category under unclassified genus constituted for 65.8% providing opportunities for identification of new species. The functions of the genes were studied using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis. It revealed the possible involvement of the bacteria in various metabolic processes with top-most functions related to transporters, DNA repair and recombination proteins, and the ribosome. Further studies on these gene interactions would help to understand the potential of bacterial endophytes in promoting growth and conferring protection.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Teak samples provided 24,833–42,892 bacterial reads at 98% genome coverage.
Verbatim
e0“Nine teak samples sequenced with 98% genome coverage provided 24,833–42,892 bacterial sequence reads”
Claim · model-written summary
Reads aligned to 2827 bacterial operational taxonomic units at more than 97% sequence identity.
Verbatim
e0“which aligned to 2827 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the V3–V4 conserved region with more than 97% sequence identity”
t0“Foliar Endophytic Bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Teak bacterial diversity was high, with Shannon Index 4.56–5.02.
- Taxon
- Tectona grandis
Tectona grandist0 - Outcome
- Shannon Indexe0
- Value
- 4.56–5.02e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shannon Index ranged from 4.56–5.02 revealing high bacterial diversity.”
t0“Tectona grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
The community contained 21 phyla and 39 classes.
- Taxon
- Tectona grandisTectona grandist0
- Outcome
- phylae0
- Value
- 21e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified 21 phyla, 39 classes, 65 orders, 226 families, and 127 genera.”
t0“Tectona grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
The community contained 39 classes.
- Taxon
- Tectona grandisTectona grandist0
- Outcome
- classese0
- Value
- 39e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified 21 phyla, 39 classes, 65 orders, 226 families, and 127 genera.”
t0“Tectona grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
The community contained 65 orders.
- Taxon
- Tectona grandisTectona grandist0
- Outcome
- orderse0
- Value
- 65e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified 21 phyla, 39 classes, 65 orders, 226 families, and 127 genera.”
t0“Tectona grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
The community contained 226 families.
- Taxon
- Tectona grandisTectona grandist0
- Outcome
- familiese0
- Value
- 226e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified 21 phyla, 39 classes, 65 orders, 226 families, and 127 genera.”
t0“Tectona grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
The community contained 127 genera.
- Taxon
- Tectona grandisTectona grandist0
- Outcome
- generae0
- Value
- 127e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified 21 phyla, 39 classes, 65 orders, 226 families, and 127 genera.”
t0“Tectona grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were abundant phyla.
- Taxon
- Tectona grandisTectona grandist0
- Outcome
- Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phyla in abundance were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria.”
t0“Tectona grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria was an abundant phylum.
- Taxon
- Tectona grandisTectona grandist0
- Outcome
- Actinobacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phyla in abundance were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria.”
t0“Tectona grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus constituted 12.12% of the identified community.
- Taxon
- Lactobacillus
Lactobacilluse0 - Outcome
- Lactobacilluse0
- Value
- 12.12%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The identified genera include Lactobacillus (12.12%), Prevotella (9.78%), and Bacteroides(9.68%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Prevotella constituted 9.78%.
- Taxon
- Prevotella
Prevotellae0 - Outcome
- Prevotellae0
- Value
- 9.78%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The identified genera include Lactobacillus (12.12%), Prevotella (9.78%), and Bacteroides(9.68%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteroides constituted 9.68%.
- Taxon
- Bacteroides
Bacteroidese0 - Outcome
- Bacteroidese0
- Value
- 9.68%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The identified genera include Lactobacillus (12.12%), Prevotella (9.78%), and Bacteroides(9.68%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Unclassified genera constituted 65.8%, offering opportunities to identify new species.
- Taxon
- Tectona grandisTectona grandist0
- Outcome
- unclassified genuse0
- Value
- 65.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the category under unclassified genus constituted for 65.8% providing opportunities for identification of new species”
t0“Tectona grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted bacterial functions chiefly involved transporters, DNA repair and recombination proteins, and ribosomes.
Verbatim
e0“It revealed the possible involvement of the bacteria in various metabolic processes with top-most functions related to transporters, DNA repair and recombination proteins, and the ribosome.”