Abstract
To ascertain the pollinator community of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) and the potential pollinators for quality seed production, a field experiment was conducted at ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan for two years. The pollinator community of ajwain was composed with 34 insect species in 7 orders and 14 families. Most of insect pollinators started their foraging at 9.00 hr and reached their respective peak activity between 12.00 to 14.00 hr and ceased at 18.00 hr. Three honeybee species Apis florea, A. mellifera and A. dorsata foraged for nectar and pollen, whereas butterfly species foraged for nectar and all Dipteran flies foraged either for nectar collection or for both nectar and pollen. Ten floral visitors (Hymenoptera-5 species, Diptera-4 species and Coleoptera-1 species) were identified as most important and potential pollinators of ajwain crop for semi-arid region performed higher foraging rate and visitation frequency. The higher seed yield of ajwain (1364.13 kg/ha) was recorded in bee pollination (BP) plots with slightly lower than sugar attractant and open pollination mode, whereas lowest yield was obtained without insect pollination (WIP)-control (844.43 kg/ha seed yield) plots. Bee pollination services increased the seed yield of ajwain by 61.54% over control and also enhanced the seed test weight and essential oil of seed in term of quality.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The ajwain pollinator community comprised 34 insect species.
Verbatim
e0“The pollinator community of ajwain was composed with 34 insect species in 7 orders and 14 families.”
Claim · model-written summary
The ajwain pollinator community spanned seven orders.
Verbatim
e0“The pollinator community of ajwain was composed with 34 insect species in 7 orders and 14 families.”
Claim · model-written summary
The ajwain pollinator community spanned 14 families.
Verbatim
e0“The pollinator community of ajwain was composed with 34 insect species in 7 orders and 14 families.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most pollinators began foraging at 9.00 hr.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Most of insect pollinators started their foraging at 9.00 hr”
Claim · model-written summary
Most pollinators reached peak activity between 12.00 and 14.00 hr.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“reached their respective peak activity between 12.00 to 14.00 hr”
Claim · model-written summary
Most pollinators ceased activity at 18.00 hr.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“ceased at 18.00 hr”
Claim · model-written summary
Three Apis species foraged for nectar and pollen on ajwain.
- Interactor
- Apis florea, A. mellifera and A. dorsata
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=60)
Apis mellifera
Apis dorsata
Apis floreae0 - Outcome
- foraged for nectar and pollene0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Three honeybee species Apis florea, A. mellifera and A. dorsata foraged for nectar and pollen”
Claim · model-written summary
Butterflies foraged for nectar on ajwain.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“butterfly species foraged for nectar”
Claim · model-written summary
Dipteran flies collected nectar or both nectar and pollen on ajwain.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“all Dipteran flies foraged either for nectar collection or for both nectar and pollen.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten floral visitors were identified as important potential pollinators in the semi-arid region.
Verbatim
e0“Ten floral visitors (Hymenoptera-5 species, Diptera-4 species and Coleoptera-1 species) were identified as most important and potential pollinators of ajwain crop for semi-arid region”
Claim · model-written summary
Bee-pollinated ajwain plots yielded 1364.13 kg/ha seed.
- Taxon
- ajwaine0
- Treatment
- bee pollination (BP)e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1364.13 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The higher seed yield of ajwain (1364.13 kg/ha) was recorded in bee pollination (BP) plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Ajwain plots without insect pollination yielded 844.43 kg/ha seed, the lowest yield.
- Treatment
- without insect pollination (WIP)-controle0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 844.43 kg/hae0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“lowest yield was obtained without insect pollination (WIP)-control (844.43 kg/ha seed yield) plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bee pollination increased ajwain seed yield by 61.54% over control.
Verbatim
e0“Bee pollination services increased the seed yield of ajwain by 61.54% over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Bee pollination enhanced ajwain seed test weight and essential oil.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“also enhanced the seed test weight and essential oil of seed in term of quality.”