Abstract
The Bełchatów lignite deposits are a rich archive allowing palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic reconstructions from the Neogene and Quaternary periods. We describe the results of palynological studies (including non-pollen palynomorphs) of eight samples from the lower Miocene KRAM-P 211/214 collection of plant macroremains. The results of this palynological analysis are consistent with the results of previous studies of plant macroremains and significantly enrich our knowledge of vegetation and palaeoenvironment. Both studies indicate the presence of a freshwater body (a moderately large and deep lake) surrounded by wetland vegetation (including swamp forests with Glyptostrobus , Taxodium , Nyssa and Osmunda ) and upland mesophytic forests. Evergreen or at least semi-evergreen forest communities grew along the ancient shores of the lake and on the slopes of the Mesozoic calcareus rocks surrounding the lake. In the lake, green algae ( Pediastrum , Tetraedron and some Botryococcus ) and freshwater peridinoid dinoflagellates were major components of the algal community. The same lake was the source of previously identified animal remains: freshwater fishes, molluscs, and mammals, including Megachiroptera bats. Our analysis shows that the climate was subtropical and humid, with an estimated mean annual temperature of 16.8–17.8°C.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Palynological results agree with previous plant macroremain studies and enrich vegetation and palaeoenvironment knowledge.
- Outcome
- consistent with the results of previous studies of plant macroremainse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The results of this palynological analysis are consistent with the results of previous studies of plant macroremains and significantly enrich our knowledge of vegetation and palaeoenvironment.”
Claim · model-written summary
A moderately large, deep freshwater lake was surrounded by wetland vegetation including Glyptostrobus swamp forests.
- Taxon
- Glyptostrobus
Glyptostrobuse0 - Outcome
- swamp forestse0
- Qualifier
- a moderately large and deep lakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both studies indicate the presence of a freshwater body (a moderately large and deep lake) surrounded by wetland vegetation (including swamp forests with Glyptostrobus , Taxodium , Nyssa and Osmunda ) and upland mesophytic forests.”
Claim · model-written summary
Taxodium occurred in swamp forests surrounding the freshwater lake.
- Outcome
- swamp forestse0
TaxodiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both studies indicate the presence of a freshwater body (a moderately large and deep lake) surrounded by wetland vegetation (including swamp forests with Glyptostrobus , Taxodium , Nyssa and Osmunda ) and upland mesophytic forests.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nyssa occurred in swamp forests surrounding the freshwater lake.
- Outcome
- swamp forestse0
NyssaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both studies indicate the presence of a freshwater body (a moderately large and deep lake) surrounded by wetland vegetation (including swamp forests with Glyptostrobus , Taxodium , Nyssa and Osmunda ) and upland mesophytic forests.”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmunda occurred in wetland vegetation around the lake.
- Outcome
- wetland vegetatione0
OsmundaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both studies indicate the presence of a freshwater body (a moderately large and deep lake) surrounded by wetland vegetation (including swamp forests with Glyptostrobus , Taxodium , Nyssa and Osmunda ) and upland mesophytic forests.”
Claim · model-written summary
Upland mesophytic forests surrounded the lake.
- Outcome
- upland mesophytic forestse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Both studies indicate the presence of a freshwater body (a moderately large and deep lake) surrounded by wetland vegetation (including swamp forests with Glyptostrobus , Taxodium , Nyssa and Osmunda ) and upland mesophytic forests.”
Claim · model-written summary
Evergreen or semi-evergreen forests grew along ancient lake shores and slopes of surrounding Mesozoic calcareous rocks.
- Outcome
- Evergreen or at least semi-evergreen forest communitiese0
- Qualifier
- slopes of the Mesozoic calcareus rocks surrounding the lakee0
- Setting
- ancient shores of the lakee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Evergreen or at least semi-evergreen forest communities grew along the ancient shores of the lake and on the slopes of the Mesozoic calcareus rocks surrounding the lake.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pediastrum was a major component of the lake algal community.
- Taxon
- Pediastrum
Pediastrume0 - Outcome
- major components of the algal communitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the lake, green algae ( Pediastrum , Tetraedron and some Botryococcus ) and freshwater peridinoid dinoflagellates were major components of the algal community.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraedron was a major component of the lake algal community.
- Taxon
- Tetraedron
Tetraedrone0 - Outcome
- major components of the algal communitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the lake, green algae ( Pediastrum , Tetraedron and some Botryococcus ) and freshwater peridinoid dinoflagellates were major components of the algal community.”
Claim · model-written summary
Some Botryococcus were major components of the lake algal community.
- Taxon
- Botryococcus
Botryococcuse0 - Outcome
- major components of the algal communitye0
- Qualifier
- some Botryococcuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the lake, green algae ( Pediastrum , Tetraedron and some Botryococcus ) and freshwater peridinoid dinoflagellates were major components of the algal community.”
Claim · model-written summary
Freshwater peridinoid dinoflagellates were major algal community components.
Verbatim
e0“In the lake, green algae ( Pediastrum , Tetraedron and some Botryococcus ) and freshwater peridinoid dinoflagellates were major components of the algal community.”
Claim · model-written summary
The reconstructed climate was subtropical and humid, with estimated mean annual temperature 16.8–17.8°C.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Our analysis shows that the climate was subtropical and humid, with an estimated mean annual temperature of 16.8–17.8°C.”