Abstract
Maize (Zea mays)-faba bean (Vicia faba) intercropping is a recent practice in eastern Ethiopia and there is limited information on optimum planting density and suitable varieties of faba bean for productive intercropping with maize. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in eastern Ethiopia during the 2018 and 2019 main cropping seasons to determine the effects of variety and density of faba bean on the yield components of the crops and the productivity of the intercropping. Treatments consisted of three farmers' varieties (Yeferenji Baqela, Yehabesha Baqela, Batte) and one improved variety (Gachena)intercropped with maize in an additive design at three plant densities (25%, 50%, and 75% of their recommended sole crop density of 250,000 plants ha −1 ) and the recommended 100% plant density of sole faba bean and sole maize. A randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement of treatments replicated three times per treatment was used. Analysis of data revealed that sole maize produced a significantly higher number of ears per plant (1.70), thousand kernel weight (287.9 g), aboveground dry biomass (19.11 t ha −1 ) and grain yield (6.16 t ha −1 ) than intercropped maize. Among the intercropping systems, maize intercropped with 25% of the sole faba bean produced a significantly higher grain yield (5.56 t ha −1 ) than 50% and 75% plant density. Similarly, the 75% plant density of the sole faba bean intercropped with maize produced the highest grain yield (0.96 t ha −1 ) compared to the 25% and 50% plant densities. Faba bean planted in the sole system produced a significantly higher seed yield (2.08 t ha −1 ) than the intercropped faba bean with maize. Faba bean variety Gachena was found to be superior than the other varieties in number of pods per plant (10.23), aboveground dry biomass (3.73 t ha −1 ), grain yield (1.96 t ha −1 ) and harvest index (26.75%). Land equivalent ratio showed 18.4% higher yield advantage when maize was intercropped with faba bean than when it was sole-cropped. The highest gross monetary value (99318 Ethiopian Birr ha −1 ) and maize equivalent yield (6621.2 kg ha −1 ) were obtained from maize intercropped with Gachena faba bean variety with no significant differences among the plant densities. It is concluded that intercropping of maize with 75% plant density of improved Gachena variety resulted in superior performance of the system in terms of productivity and economic return.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Sole maize produced 1.70 ears per plant, significantly more than intercropped maize.
- Treatment
- sole maizee0
- Outcome
- number of ears per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.70e0
- Comparator
- intercropped maizee0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sole maize produced a significantly higher number of ears per plant (1.70), thousand kernel weight (287.9 g), aboveground dry biomass (19.11 t ha −1 ) and grain yield (6.16 t ha −1 ) than intercropped maize”
e1“Maize (Zea mays)-faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole maize had thousand kernel weight of 287.9 g, significantly above intercropped maize.
- Treatment
- sole maizee0
- Outcome
- thousand kernel weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 287.9 ge0
- Comparator
- intercropped maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sole maize produced a significantly higher number of ears per plant (1.70), thousand kernel weight (287.9 g), aboveground dry biomass (19.11 t ha −1 ) and grain yield (6.16 t ha −1 ) than intercropped maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole maize had 19.11 t ha −1 aboveground dry biomass, significantly above intercropped maize.
- Treatment
- sole maizee0
- Outcome
- aboveground dry biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19.11 t ha −1e0
- Comparator
- intercropped maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sole maize produced a significantly higher number of ears per plant (1.70), thousand kernel weight (287.9 g), aboveground dry biomass (19.11 t ha −1 ) and grain yield (6.16 t ha −1 ) than intercropped maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole maize yielded 6.16 t ha −1 grain, significantly above intercropped maize.
- Treatment
- sole maizee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.16 t ha −1e0
- Comparator
- intercropped maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sole maize produced a significantly higher number of ears per plant (1.70), thousand kernel weight (287.9 g), aboveground dry biomass (19.11 t ha −1 ) and grain yield (6.16 t ha −1 ) than intercropped maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize intercropped at 25% sole faba bean density yielded 5.56 t ha −1, above 50% and 75% density.
- Treatment
- 25% of the sole faba beane0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.56 t ha −1e0
- Comparator
- 50% and 75% plant densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize intercropped with 25% of the sole faba bean produced a significantly higher grain yield (5.56 t ha −1 ) than 50% and 75% plant density”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean at 75% sole density yielded 0.96 t ha −1, the highest among intercrop densities.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae0 - Treatment
- 75% plant densitye0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.96 t ha −1e0
- Comparator
- 25% and 50% plant densitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75% plant density of the sole faba bean intercropped with maize produced the highest grain yield (0.96 t ha −1 ) compared to the 25% and 50% plant densities”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole faba bean yielded 2.08 t ha −1 seed, significantly above intercropped faba bean.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- sole systeme0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.08 t ha −1e0
- Comparator
- intercropped faba bean with maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean planted in the sole system produced a significantly higher seed yield (2.08 t ha −1 ) than the intercropped faba bean with maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Gachena had 10.23 pods per plant, superior to other faba bean varieties.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabae0
- Material
- Gachenae0
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 10.23e0
- Comparator
- other varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean variety Gachena was found to be superior than the other varieties in number of pods per plant (10.23)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gachena had 3.73 t ha −1 aboveground dry biomass, superior to other faba bean varieties.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabae0
- Material
- Gachenae0
- Outcome
- aboveground dry biomasse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 3.73 t ha −1e0
- Comparator
- other varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean variety Gachena was found to be superior than the other varieties in number of pods per plant (10.23), aboveground dry biomass (3.73 t ha −1 ), grain yield (1.96 t ha −1 ) and harvest index (26.75%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gachena yielded 1.96 t ha −1 grain, superior to other faba bean varieties.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabae0
- Material
- Gachenae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 1.96 t ha −1e0
- Comparator
- other varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean variety Gachena was found to be superior than the other varieties in number of pods per plant (10.23), aboveground dry biomass (3.73 t ha −1 ), grain yield (1.96 t ha −1 ) and harvest index (26.75%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gachena had a 26.75% harvest index, superior to other faba bean varieties.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabae0
- Material
- Gachenae0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 26.75%e0
- Comparator
- other varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean variety Gachena was found to be superior than the other varieties in number of pods per plant (10.23), aboveground dry biomass (3.73 t ha −1 ), grain yield (1.96 t ha −1 ) and harvest index (26.75%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize-faba bean intercropping had an 18.4% yield advantage over sole cropping.
- Treatment
- intercropped with faba beane0
- Outcome
- yield advantagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 18.4%e0
- Comparator
- sole-croppede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Land equivalent ratio showed 18.4% higher yield advantage when maize was intercropped with faba bean than when it was sole-cropped”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize intercropped with Gachena achieved the highest gross monetary value, 99318 Ethiopian Birr ha −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest gross monetary value (99318 Ethiopian Birr ha −1 ) and maize equivalent yield (6621.2 kg ha −1 ) were obtained from maize intercropped with Gachena faba bean variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize intercropped with Gachena achieved the highest maize equivalent yield, 6621.2 kg ha −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest gross monetary value (99318 Ethiopian Birr ha −1 ) and maize equivalent yield (6621.2 kg ha −1 ) were obtained from maize intercropped with Gachena faba bean variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant density made no significant difference to those monetary and equivalent yield results.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with no significant differences among the plant densities”
e1“highest gross monetary value (99318 Ethiopian Birr ha −1 ) and maize equivalent yield (6621.2 kg ha −1 ) were obtained from maize intercropped with Gachena faba bean variety”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that maize intercropped with Gachena at 75% density gave superior productivity and economic return.
- Material
- Gachenae0
- Outcome
- superior performance of the system in terms of productivity and economic returne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping of maize with 75% plant density of improved Gachena variety resulted in superior performance of the system in terms of productivity and economic return”
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