Abstract
The simplest form of carbohydrates are monosaccharides which are the building blocks for the synthesis of polymers or complex carbohydrates. Monosaccharide contents of 197 rice accessions were quantified by HPAEC-PAD in rice (Oryza sativa L.) whole grain (RWG). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using 33,812 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify corresponding genomic regions influencing neutral monosaccharides contents. In total, 49 GWAS signals contained in 17 genomic regions (quantitative trait loci [QTLs]) on seven chromosomes of rice were determined to be associated with monosaccharides contents of whole grain. The QTLs were found for fucose (1), mannose (1), xylose (2), arabinose (2), galactose (4), and rhamnose (7) contents, all of which are novel. Based on co-location of annotated rice genes in the vicinity of GWAS signals, the constituents of the whole grain were associated with the following candidate genes: arabinose content with α-N-arabinofuranosidase, pectinesterase inhibitor, and glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 1; xylose content with ZOS1-10 (a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor [TF]); mannose content with aldose 1-epimerase-like protein and a MYB family TF; galactose content with a GT8 family member (galacturonosyltransferase-like 3), a GRAS family TF, and a GH16 family member (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase xyloglucan 23); fucose content with gibberellin 20 oxidase and a lysine-rich arabinogalactan protein 19, and finally rhamnose content with myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase, UDP-arabinopyranose mutase, and COBRA-like protein precursor. The results of this study should improve our understanding of the genetic basis of the factors that might be involved in the biosynthesis, regulation, and turnover of monosaccharides in RWG, aiming to enhance the nutritional value of rice grain and impact the related industries.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Forty-nine GWAS signals in 17 genomic regions on seven chromosomes were associated with whole grain monosaccharide content.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Gene
- quantitative trait loci [QTLs]e0
- Outcome
- monosaccharides contents of whole graine0
- Value
- 49 GWAS signalse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“49 GWAS signals contained in 17 genomic regions (quantitative trait loci [QTLs]) on seven chromosomes of rice were determined to be associated with monosaccharides contents of whole grain”
Claim · model-written summary
One novel QTL was identified for fucose content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- QTLse0
- Outcome
- fucosee0
- Value
- 1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“QTLs were found for fucose (1), mannose (1), xylose (2), arabinose (2), galactose (4), and rhamnose (7) contents, all of which are novel”
Claim · model-written summary
One novel QTL was identified for mannose content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- QTLse0
- Outcome
- mannosee0
- Value
- 1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“QTLs were found for fucose (1), mannose (1), xylose (2), arabinose (2), galactose (4), and rhamnose (7) contents, all of which are novel”
Claim · model-written summary
Two novel QTLs were identified for xylose content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- QTLse0
- Outcome
- xylosee0
- Value
- 2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“QTLs were found for fucose (1), mannose (1), xylose (2), arabinose (2), galactose (4), and rhamnose (7) contents, all of which are novel”
Claim · model-written summary
Two novel QTLs were identified for arabinose content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- QTLse0
- Outcome
- arabinosee0
- Value
- 2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“QTLs were found for fucose (1), mannose (1), xylose (2), arabinose (2), galactose (4), and rhamnose (7) contents, all of which are novel”
Claim · model-written summary
Four novel QTLs were identified for galactose content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- QTLse0
- Outcome
- galactosee0
- Value
- 4e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“QTLs were found for fucose (1), mannose (1), xylose (2), arabinose (2), galactose (4), and rhamnose (7) contents, all of which are novel”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven novel QTLs were identified for rhamnose content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- QTLse0
- Outcome
- rhamnosee0
- Value
- 7e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“QTLs were found for fucose (1), mannose (1), xylose (2), arabinose (2), galactose (4), and rhamnose (7) contents, all of which are novel”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabinose content was associated with three candidate genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- α-N-arabinofuranosidase, pectinesterase inhibitor, and glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 1e0
- Outcome
- arabinose contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“arabinose content with α-N-arabinofuranosidase, pectinesterase inhibitor, and glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylose content was associated with ZOS1-10.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- ZOS1-10e0
- Outcome
- xylose contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“xylose content with ZOS1-10 (a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor [TF])”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannose content was associated with aldose 1-epimerase-like protein and a MYB transcription factor.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- aldose 1-epimerase-like protein and a MYB family TFe0
- Outcome
- mannose contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“mannose content with aldose 1-epimerase-like protein and a MYB family TF”
Claim · model-written summary
Galactose content was associated with three candidate genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- a GT8 family member (galacturonosyltransferase-like 3), a GRAS family TF, and a GH16 family member (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase xyloglucan 23)e0
- Outcome
- galactose contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“galactose content with a GT8 family member (galacturonosyltransferase-like 3), a GRAS family TF, and a GH16 family member (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase xyloglucan 23)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fucose content was associated with gibberellin 20 oxidase and arabinogalactan protein 19.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- gibberellin 20 oxidase and a lysine-rich arabinogalactan protein 19e0
- Outcome
- fucose contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“fucose content with gibberellin 20 oxidase and a lysine-rich arabinogalactan protein 19”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhamnose content was associated with three candidate genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase, UDP-arabinopyranose mutase, and COBRA-like protein precursore0
- Outcome
- rhamnose contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice whole grain”
e0“rhamnose content with myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase, UDP-arabinopyranose mutase, and COBRA-like protein precursor”