Abstract
The process of agricultural development which takes place in Argentina has led to the loss of sustainability. Mixed systems could be an alternative for improving productivity and, at the same time, taking into account the environmental cost. The sowing of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) consociated with other species can generate greater biomass and, in some cases, greater yield. Such practice is about the differential harnessing of resources. The aim of this work was to evaluate the production of sunflower consociation with Trifoliumrepens L., Lotus corniculatus, and Vicia sativa, and to determine the conditions of the remaining stubble. Treatments consisted in the use of monoculture sunflower with and without herbicides; intercrop sunflower with red clover, lotus and vicia. The yield of sunflower grain and the total air biomass of the stubble and of its components were evaluated at the time of harvesting, and, two and three months after harvesting. The highest value of available stubble at the time of harvesting was obtained in monoculture sunflower without herbicide. Two months after, there were no variations in the stubble biomass of the treatments. Three months later, there were significant differences registered between the treatments; the intercrops with red clover and lotus reached the highest volume of stubble. Under the conditions of this test, the highest productivity of sunflower was registered when sowed in monoculture and herbicide application was employed. No differences were registered between the intercrops, or between them and the monoculture with herbicide. Therefore, these systems could be considered as a production alternative to lessen the use of synthetic inputs, such as herbicides.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In monoculture sunflower without herbicide, available stubble at harvest was the highest among the treatments.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Treatment
- monoculture sunflower without herbicidee1
- Outcome
- available stubblee1
- Direction
- highest valuee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The highest value of available stubble at the time of harvesting was obtained in monoculture sunflower without herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Two months after harvest, stubble biomass did not differ among the sunflower treatments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse3
- Treatment
- monoculture sunflower with and without herbicides; intercrop sunflower with red clover, lotus and viciae3
- Outcome
- stubble biomasse2
- Direction
- no variationse2
- Qualifier
- Two months aftere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Two months after, there were no variations in the stubble biomass of the treatments”
e3“Treatments consisted in the use of monoculture sunflower with and without herbicides; intercrop sunflower with red clover, lotus and vicia”
Claim · model-written summary
Three months after harvest, stubble volume differed significantly among the treatments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse4
- Treatment
- monoculture sunflower with and without herbicides; intercrop sunflower with red clover, lotus and viciae4
- Outcome
- volume of stubblee3
- Qualifier
- Three months latere3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Three months later, there were significant differences registered between the treatments; the intercrops with red clover and lotus reached the highest volume of stubble”
e4“Treatments consisted in the use of monoculture sunflower with and without herbicides; intercrop sunflower with red clover, lotus and vicia”
Claim · model-written summary
Three months after harvest, the intercrops with red clover and lotus had the highest stubble volume.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse4
- Treatment
- intercrops with red clover and lotuse3
- Outcome
- volume of stubblee3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Qualifier
- Three months latere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Three months later, there were significant differences registered between the treatments; the intercrops with red clover and lotus reached the highest volume of stubble”
e4“Treatments consisted in the use of monoculture sunflower with and without herbicides; intercrop sunflower with red clover, lotus and vicia”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower in monoculture with herbicide application had the highest productivity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse5
- Treatment
- monoculture and herbicide applicatione5
- Outcome
- productivity of sunflowere5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the highest productivity of sunflower was registered when sowed in monoculture and herbicide application was employed”
Claim · model-written summary
No differences were found between the intercrops, or between the intercrops and the monoculture with herbicide.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- the intercropse6
- Direction
- No differencese6
- Comparator
- the monoculture with herbicidee6
Not reportedOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sowing of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) consociated with other species”
e6“No differences were registered between the intercrops, or between them and the monoculture with herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
The intercropping systems could be considered a production alternative that lessens the use of synthetic herbicide inputs.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- production alternative to lessen the use of synthetic inputse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sowing of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) consociated with other species”
e7“these systems could be considered as a production alternative to lessen the use of synthetic inputs, such as herbicides”
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