Abstract
Wheat genotypes should be improved through available germplasm genetic diversity to ensure food security. This study investigated the molecular diversity and population structure of a set of Türkiye bread wheat genotypes using 120 microsatellite markers. Based on the results, 651 polymorphic alleles were evaluated to determine genetic diversity and population structure. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 19, with an average of 5.44 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.031 to 0.915 with a mean of 0.43. In addition, the gene diversity index ranged from 0.03 to 0.92 with an average of 0.46. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.359 with a mean of 0.124. The unbiased expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.319 with an average of 0.112. The mean values of the number of effective alleles (Ne), genetic diversity of Nei (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were estimated at 1.190, 1.049 and 0.168, respectively. The highest genetic diversity (GD) was estimated between genotypes G1 and G27. In the UPGMA dendrogram, the 63 genotypes were grouped into three clusters. The three main coordinates were able to explain 12.64, 6.38 and 4.90% of genetic diversity, respectively. AMOVA revealed diversity within populations at 78% and between populations at 22%. The current populations were found to be highly structured. Model-based cluster analyses classified the 63 genotypes studied into three subpopulations. The values of F-statistic (Fst) for the identified subpopulations were 0.253, 0.330 and 0.244, respectively. In addition, the expected values of heterozygosity (He) for these sub-populations were recorded as 0.45, 0.46 and 0.44, respectively. Therefore, SSR markers can be useful not only in genetic diversity and association analysis of wheat but also in its germplasm for various agronomic traits or mechanisms of tolerance to environmental stresses.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
The wheat genotypes had 651 polymorphic alleles.
- Taxon
- Bread Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- polymorphic allelese0
- Value
- 651e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“651 polymorphic alleles”
Claim · model-written summary
Alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 19 and averaged 5.44.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of allelese0
- Value
- 2 to 19e0
- Qualifier
- average of 5.44 alleles per locuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 19, with an average of 5.44 alleles per locus”
Claim · model-written summary
PIC ranged from 0.031 to 0.915, averaging 0.43.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Polymorphic information contente0
- Value
- 0.031 to 0.915e0
- Qualifier
- mean of 0.43e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.031 to 0.915 with a mean of 0.43”
Claim · model-written summary
The gene diversity index ranged from 0.03 to 0.92, averaging 0.46.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- gene diversity indexe0
- Value
- 0.03 to 0.92e0
- Qualifier
- average of 0.46e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“gene diversity index ranged from 0.03 to 0.92 with an average of 0.46”
Claim · model-written summary
Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.359, averaging 0.124.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- expected heterozygositye0
- Value
- 0.00 to 0.359e0
- Qualifier
- mean of 0.124e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.359 with a mean of 0.124”
Claim · model-written summary
Unbiased expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.319, averaging 0.112.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- unbiased expected heterozygositye0
- Value
- 0.00 to 0.319e0
- Qualifier
- average of 0.112e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“unbiased expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.319 with an average of 0.112”
Claim · model-written summary
The mean number of effective alleles was 1.190.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of effective allelese0
- Value
- 1.190e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“mean values of the number of effective alleles (Ne), genetic diversity of Nei (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were estimated at 1.190, 1.049 and 0.168, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean Nei genetic diversity was 1.049.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- genetic diversity of Neie0
- Value
- 1.049e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“genetic diversity of Nei (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were estimated at 1.190, 1.049 and 0.168, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean Shannon information index was 0.168.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Shannon’s information indexe0
- Value
- 0.168e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“Shannon’s information index (I) were estimated at 1.190, 1.049 and 0.168, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypes G1 and G27 had the highest estimated genetic diversity between genotypes.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- G1 and G27e0
- Outcome
- genetic diversitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“highest genetic diversity (GD) was estimated between genotypes G1 and G27”
Claim · model-written summary
UPGMA grouped 63 genotypes into three clusters.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grouped into three clusterse0
- Value
- three clusterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“In the UPGMA dendrogram, the 63 genotypes were grouped into three clusters”
Claim · model-written summary
The first main coordinate explained 12.64% of genetic diversity.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- genetic diversitye0
- Value
- 12.64e0
- Qualifier
- three main coordinatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“The three main coordinates were able to explain 12.64, 6.38 and 4.90% of genetic diversity, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The second main coordinate explained 6.38% of genetic diversity.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- genetic diversitye0
- Value
- 6.38e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“The three main coordinates were able to explain 12.64, 6.38 and 4.90% of genetic diversity, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The third main coordinate explained 4.90% of genetic diversity.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- genetic diversitye0
- Value
- 4.90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“The three main coordinates were able to explain 12.64, 6.38 and 4.90% of genetic diversity, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AMOVA attributed 78% of diversity to within-population variation.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- diversity within populationse0
- Value
- 78%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“AMOVA revealed diversity within populations at 78% and between populations at 22%”
Claim · model-written summary
AMOVA attributed 22% of diversity to between-population variation.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- between populationse0
- Value
- 22%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“AMOVA revealed diversity within populations at 78% and between populations at 22%”
Claim · model-written summary
The current wheat populations were highly structured.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- highly structurede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“The current populations were found to be highly structured”
Claim · model-written summary
Model-based analyses classified 63 genotypes into three subpopulations.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- three subpopulationse0
- Value
- three subpopulationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“Model-based cluster analyses classified the 63 genotypes studied into three subpopulations”
Claim · model-written summary
Fst values for the three subpopulations were 0.253, 0.330 and 0.244.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- F-statistice0
- Value
- 0.253, 0.330 and 0.244e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“The values of F-statistic (Fst) for the identified subpopulations were 0.253, 0.330 and 0.244, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Expected heterozygosity values for the three subpopulations were 0.45, 0.46 and 0.44.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- expected values of heterozygositye0
- Value
- 0.45, 0.46 and 0.44e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat Genotypes”
e0“expected values of heterozygosity (He) for these sub-populations were recorded as 0.45, 0.46 and 0.44, respectively”