Abstract
This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to maximize the extraction yield, total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity from Moringa oleifera. The four UAE factors, solvent ratio (A), solvent–solid ratio (B), extraction temperature (C), and extraction time (D), were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design was used for the experimental design. The optimal conditions were found to be a 50% v/v solvent ratio, a 30% v/w solvent–solid ratio, 35 °C extraction temperature, and 45 min extraction time. The experimental value of extraction yield (R1), TFC (R2), TPC (R3), and DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity (R4) (87.99% w/w, 56.63 mg QE/g extract, 97.26 mg GAE/g extract, and 93.32% inhibition, respectively) agreed with those predicted by RSM models (88.10% w/w, 56.61 mg QE/g extract, 97.16 mg GAE/g extract, and93.38% inhibition, respectively), thus demonstrating the appropriateness of the model used and the ability of the RSM to optimize the extraction conditions. Excellent DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity was exhibited by M. oleifera compared with the standard, sitagliptin. While the modeled equation fits the data, the t-test is not significant, suggesting that the experimental values agree with those predicted by the RSM–BBD
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal ultrasound extraction conditions were 50% v/v solvent, 30% v/w solvent–solid ratio, 35 °C and 45 min.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleifera
Moringa oleiferat0 - Outcome
- optimal conditionse0
- Qualifier
- a 50% v/v solvent ratio, a 30% v/w solvent–solid ratio, 35 °C extraction temperature, and 45 min extraction timee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimal conditions were found to be a 50% v/v solvent ratio, a 30% v/w solvent–solid ratio, 35 °C extraction temperature, and 45 min extraction time.”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Experimental extraction yield was 87.99% w/w, agreeing with the RSM prediction of 88.10% w/w.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- extraction yielde0
- Value
- 87.99% w/we0
- Qualifier
- 88.10% w/we0
- Comparator
- RSM modelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experimental value of extraction yield (R1), TFC (R2), TPC (R3), and DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity (R4) (87.99% w/w, 56.63 mg QE/g extract, 97.26 mg GAE/g extract, and 93.32% inhibition, respectively) agreed with those predicted by RSM models (88.10% w/w, 56.61 mg QE/g extract, 97.16 mg GAE/g extract, and93.38% inhibition, respectively)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Experimental TFC was 56.63 mg QE/g extract, agreeing with the predicted 56.61 mg QE/g extract.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- TFCe0
- Value
- 56.63 mg QE/g extracte0
- Qualifier
- 56.61 mg QE/g extracte0
- Comparator
- RSM modelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TFC (R2), TPC (R3), and DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity (R4) (87.99% w/w, 56.63 mg QE/g extract, 97.26 mg GAE/g extract, and 93.32% inhibition, respectively) agreed with those predicted by RSM models (88.10% w/w, 56.61 mg QE/g extract, 97.16 mg GAE/g extract, and93.38% inhibition, respectively)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Experimental TPC was 97.26 mg GAE/g extract, agreeing with the predicted 97.16 mg GAE/g extract.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- TPCe0
- Value
- 97.26 mg GAE/g extracte0
- Qualifier
- 97.16 mg GAE/g extracte0
- Comparator
- RSM modelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TPC (R3), and DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity (R4) (87.99% w/w, 56.63 mg QE/g extract, 97.26 mg GAE/g extract, and 93.32% inhibition, respectively) agreed with those predicted by RSM models (88.10% w/w, 56.61 mg QE/g extract, 97.16 mg GAE/g extract, and93.38% inhibition, respectively)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Experimental DPP IV inhibitory activity was 93.32% inhibition, agreeing with predicted 93.38% inhibition.
- Outcome
- DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activitye0
- Value
- 93.32% inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- 93.38% inhibitione0
- Comparator
- RSM modelse0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity (R4) (87.99% w/w, 56.63 mg QE/g extract, 97.26 mg GAE/g extract, and 93.32% inhibition, respectively) agreed with those predicted by RSM models (88.10% w/w, 56.61 mg QE/g extract, 97.16 mg GAE/g extract, and93.38% inhibition, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
M. oleifera exhibited excellent DPP IV inhibition compared with sitagliptin.
- Taxon
- M. oleiferaMoringa oleiferae0
- Outcome
- DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activitye0
- Direction
- Excellente0
- Comparator
- sitagliptine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excellent DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity was exhibited by M. oleifera compared with the standard, sitagliptin.”
Claim · model-written summary
The model fits the data and a nonsignificant t-test supports agreement between experimental and predicted values.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“While the modeled equation fits the data, the t-test is not significant, suggesting that the experimental values agree with those predicted by the RSM–BBD”