Abstract
Hibiscus hamabo (Malvaceae) is a deciduous shrub mainly found in northeast Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea. Due to its limited distribution on Jejudo Island and at several sites in Jeollanam-do in Korea, H. hamabo has been designated as an endangered species by the Ministry of the Environment and has been the subject of several restoration programs. In this study, we quantified genetic variations using double-digestion restrictionassociated DNA sequencing technology in 96 individuals of H. hamabo from 13 distinct populations in Korea. We determined 3,352 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism loci after stringent filtering processes and analyzed the level of genetic variation within and among populations as well as the population differentiation and genetic ancestry with various assumptions pertaining to the population origin. Our results indicated weak differentiations among populations surveyed in this study but clearly suggested that most of the H. hamabo populations maintain a relatively high level of genetic diversity as evidence of frequent genetic exchanges among populations via outcrossing or sequential gene flows. For a more detailed analysis of the origin of Korean H. hamabo and its demographic history, it will be necessary to expand sampling in China and Japan.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Filtering yielded 3,352 genome-wide SNP loci.
- Taxon
- Hibiscus hamabo
Talipariti hamabot0 - Outcome
- genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism locie0
- Value
- 3,352e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hibiscus hamabo”
e0“We determined 3,352 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism loci after stringent filtering processes”
Claim · model-written summary
Surveyed populations showed weak differentiation.
- Taxon
- Hibiscus hamaboTalipariti hamabot0
- Outcome
- weak differentiations among populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hibiscus hamabo”
e0“Our results indicated weak differentiations among populations surveyed in this study”
Claim · model-written summary
Most populations maintained relatively high genetic diversity.
- Taxon
- Hibiscus hamaboTalipariti hamabot0
- Outcome
- genetic diversitye0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hibiscus hamabo”
e0“most of the H. hamabo populations maintain a relatively high level of genetic diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret diversity as evidence for frequent genetic exchange through outcrossing or gene flow.
- Taxon
- Hibiscus hamaboTalipariti hamabot0
- Outcome
- frequent genetic exchanges among populationse0
- Qualifier
- via outcrossing or sequential gene flowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hibiscus hamabo”
e0“evidence of frequent genetic exchanges among populations via outcrossing or sequential gene flows”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend expanding sampling in China and Japan to resolve origin and demographic history.
- Taxon
- Hibiscus hamaboTalipariti hamabot0
- Outcome
- expand sampling in China and Japane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hibiscus hamabo”
e0“For a more detailed analysis of the origin of Korean H. hamabo and its demographic history, it will be necessary to expand sampling in China and Japan.”