Abstract
Abstract Sitotroga cerealella is one of the major pests of cereals in the field and storage conditions throughout the world. The main objective was to study the life tables of S. cerealella on wheat, maize and barley and its implications on percent parasitism of Trichogramma chilonis . S. cerealella is reared under lab conditions as its eggs are utilized for rearing T. chilonis . Fresh eggs of S. cerealella were collected and after hatching the neonate larvae of S. cerealella were transferred onto each host plant species for obtaining first (F1) generation (G). Seventy eggs were used for each host and each egg was used as a replicate. Daily observations were made for recording the life-table parameters of the S. cerealella . The data showed that the developmental time of S. cerealella eggs and pupae was maximum (5.68 and 7.75 days) when reared on wheat, while the maximum larval duration (19.77 days) of S. cerealella was recorded on barley. The maximum fecundity (290.30 ± 22.47 eggs/female) was recorded on maize, while minimum fecundity per female was recorded on barley (159.30 eggs/ female). The S. cerealella reared on maize had significantly higher values of finite rate of increase (λ), intrinsic rate of increase ( r), and net reproductive rate ( R o ) (0.14 ± 0.04 day − 1 , 1.16 ± 0.05 day − 1 , and 136.85 ± 20.25 eggs/ female) respectively. The mean generation time ( T ) (35.18 ± 0.61 days) was higher on wheat. Likewise, the gross reproductive rate ( GRR ) and the age-stage specific reproductive values ( v xj ) of newly oviposited eggs of S. cerealella were recorded higher (136.85 ± 20.25; 1.160 offspring) on maize. The data regarding the efficacy of T. chilonis for different parameters were recorded higher on maize i.e., percent parasitism (89.00 ± 2.30%), percent adult emergence (81.60 ± 1.20%), adult longevity (3.80 ± 0.10 days) and total adult longevity (9.90 ± 0.20 days) as compared to wheat and barley. Our findings revealed that S. cerealella can be best reared on maize under laboratory conditions as it prefers this host as compared to wheat and barley. Therefore, assigning the most susceptible and favorite host (maize) would help us to improve T. chilonis mass production under laboratory conditions.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Egg development was longest on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- S. cerealella
Sitotroga cerealellae0pest - Outcome
- developmental time of S. cerealella eggse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5.68e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developmental time of S. cerealella eggs and pupae was maximum (5.68 and 7.75 days) when reared on wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pupal development was longest on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- S. cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae0pest
- Outcome
- S. cerealella eggs and pupaee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7.75 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developmental time of S. cerealella eggs and pupae was maximum (5.68 and 7.75 days) when reared on wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval duration was longest on barley.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Interactor
- S. cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae0pest
- Outcome
- larval duratione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 19.77 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“maximum larval duration (19.77 days) of S. cerealella was recorded on barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Fecundity was highest on maize.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum fecundity (290.30 ± 22.47 eggs/female) was recorded on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fecundity was lowest on barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- fecundity per femalee0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 159.30 eggs/ femalee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum fecundity per female was recorded on barley (159.30 eggs/ female)”
Claim · model-written summary
Finite increase rate was higher on maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reared on maize had significantly higher values of finite rate of increase (λ), intrinsic rate of increase ( r), and net reproductive rate ( R o ) (0.14 ± 0.04 day − 1 , 1.16 ± 0.05 day − 1 , and 136.85 ± 20.25 eggs/ female) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Intrinsic increase rate was higher on maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reared on maize had significantly higher values of finite rate of increase (λ), intrinsic rate of increase ( r), and net reproductive rate ( R o ) (0.14 ± 0.04 day − 1 , 1.16 ± 0.05 day − 1 , and 136.85 ± 20.25 eggs/ female) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Net reproductive rate was higher on maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reared on maize had significantly higher values of finite rate of increase (λ), intrinsic rate of increase ( r), and net reproductive rate ( R o ) (0.14 ± 0.04 day − 1 , 1.16 ± 0.05 day − 1 , and 136.85 ± 20.25 eggs/ female) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean generation time was higher on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- mean generation timee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 35.18 ± 0.61 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mean generation time ( T ) (35.18 ± 0.61 days) was higher on wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross reproductive rate was higher on maize.
- Interactor
- S. cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae0pest
- Outcome
- gross reproductive ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 136.85 ± 20.25e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gross reproductive rate ( GRR ) and the age-stage specific reproductive values ( v xj ) of newly oviposited eggs of S. cerealella were recorded higher (136.85 ± 20.25; 1.160 offspring) on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Age-stage reproductive value was higher on maize.
- Interactor
- S. cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae0pest
- Outcome
- age-stage specific reproductive valuese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.160 offspringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gross reproductive rate ( GRR ) and the age-stage specific reproductive values ( v xj ) of newly oviposited eggs of S. cerealella were recorded higher (136.85 ± 20.25; 1.160 offspring) on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichogramma parasitism was higher on maize than wheat and barley.
- Interactor
- T. chilonis
_Figure_2b.png?width=60)
Trichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- percent parasitisme0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 89.00 ± 2.30%e0
- Comparator
- wheat and barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_2b.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“T. chilonis for different parameters were recorded higher on maize i.e., percent parasitism (89.00 ± 2.30%), percent adult emergence (81.60 ± 1.20%), adult longevity (3.80 ± 0.10 days) and total adult longevity (9.90 ± 0.20 days) as compared to wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichogramma adult emergence was higher on maize.
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percent adult emergencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 81.60 ± 1.20%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. chilonis for different parameters were recorded higher on maize i.e., percent parasitism (89.00 ± 2.30%), percent adult emergence (81.60 ± 1.20%), adult longevity (3.80 ± 0.10 days) and total adult longevity (9.90 ± 0.20 days) as compared to wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichogramma adult longevity was higher on maize.
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- adult longevitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.80 ± 0.10 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. chilonis for different parameters were recorded higher on maize i.e., percent parasitism (89.00 ± 2.30%), percent adult emergence (81.60 ± 1.20%), adult longevity (3.80 ± 0.10 days) and total adult longevity (9.90 ± 0.20 days) as compared to wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichogramma total adult longevity was higher on maize.
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- total adult longevitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.90 ± 0.20 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. chilonis for different parameters were recorded higher on maize i.e., percent parasitism (89.00 ± 2.30%), percent adult emergence (81.60 ± 1.20%), adult longevity (3.80 ± 0.10 days) and total adult longevity (9.90 ± 0.20 days) as compared to wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize is recommended for mass rearing.
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- T. chilonis mass productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“assigning the most susceptible and favorite host (maize) would help us to improve T. chilonis mass production under laboratory conditions”