Abstract
The Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) is a globally spreading neophyte, which is frequently found along rivers and streams in Luxembourg. To prevent or to fight mass stands of the species, different national management measures along various watercourses are in progress. One of these projects encompasses a 4 km long section located at the upper reaches of the river Blees and its tributaries. Here different control measures were carried out annually during the flowering period of the neophyte since 2017. To evaluate the success of this invasive species management, two surveys were conducted each year, one before (summer – June/July) and one after (autumn – September/October) the removal. Since manual methods (eradication of I. glandulifera by hand) in 2017 were not successful, the management was significantly improved from 2018 onwards using brushcutters for larger and denser populations. In the following years a combination of mechanical and manual measures was used, until mechanical control methods were no longer necessary after 2020. As the number of stands declined, the workload also decreased, to a minimum in 2020 and 2021. This minimal effort was probably insufficient, as there was an obvious increase of I. glandulifera in 2021.We recommend an adapted management of I. glandulifera with a combination of mechanical and manual measures. Which measure is finally used depends not only on the accessibility or the population density of an area, but also on the sensitivity of the occurring biotopes. To ensure a sustainable success of eradication, the measures must be carried out over a long period of time, whereby a certain amount of work must not be undercut. Furthermore, consequential damage to abiotic factors must also be restored after the complete removal of I. glandulifera.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Manual eradication in 2017 was unsuccessful.
- Taxon
- I. glandulifera
Impatiens glanduliferae0 - Treatment
- eradication of I. glandulifera by hande0
- Outcome
- not successfule0
Not reportedComparatorSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“manual methods (eradication of I. glandulifera by hand) in 2017 were not successful”
Claim · model-written summary
Management improved significantly when brushcutters were used from 2018 onward.
- Taxon
- Impatiens glanduliferaImpatiens glanduliferat0
- Treatment
- using brushcutterse0
- Outcome
- managemente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- larger and denser populationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the management was significantly improved from 2018 onwards using brushcutters for larger and denser populations”
t0“Impatiens glandulifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical control was no longer necessary after 2020.
- Taxon
- Impatiens glanduliferaImpatiens glanduliferat0
- Outcome
- mechanical control methods were no longer necessarye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mechanical control methods were no longer necessary after 2020”
t0“Impatiens glandulifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Workload decreased as the number of stands declined, reaching a minimum in 2020 and 2021.
- Taxon
- Impatiens glanduliferaImpatiens glanduliferat0
- Outcome
- workloade0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- number of stands declinede0
- Setting
- the upper reaches of the river Bleese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the number of stands declined, the workload also decreased, to a minimum in 2020 and 2021”
t0“Impatiens glandulifera”
e1“the upper reaches of the river Blees and its tributaries”
Claim · model-written summary
I. glandulifera increased in 2021, possibly because minimal management effort was insufficient.
- Taxon
- I. glanduliferaImpatiens glanduliferae0
- Treatment
- minimal efforte0
- Outcome
- I. glanduliferae0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This minimal effort was probably insufficient, as there was an obvious increase of I. glandulifera in 2021”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combining mechanical and manual management.
- Taxon
- I. glanduliferaImpatiens glanduliferae0
- Outcome
- a combination of mechanical and manual measurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We recommend an adapted management of I. glandulifera with a combination of mechanical and manual measures”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend long-term measures with a minimum level of work.
- Taxon
- Impatiens glanduliferaImpatiens glanduliferat0
- Outcome
- measures must be carried out over a long period of time, whereby a certain amount of work must not be undercute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To ensure a sustainable success of eradication, the measures must be carried out over a long period of time, whereby a certain amount of work must not be undercut”
t0“Impatiens glandulifera”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend restoring consequential abiotic damage after complete balsam removal.
- Taxon
- I. glanduliferaImpatiens glanduliferae0
- Outcome
- consequential damage to abiotic factors must also be restorede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consequential damage to abiotic factors must also be restored after the complete removal of I. glandulifera”