Abstract
Background: Avena sativa L. (common oat) is the most important among the cultivated oat belongs to the Poaceae family and is known as Jai or Javi in Indian subcontinent. It is important winter forage in many parts of the world and is grown as multipurpose crop for grain, pasture, forage or as a rotation crop. Methods: A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Zinc Sulphate and Borax on growth, yield components, yield and economics of oats seed production in red and lateritic soil of West Bengal during rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at agricultural farm, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design having two factors each with four levels (Zinc Sulphate with 0, 15, 20 and 25 kg/ha as well as Borax with 0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/ha). Result: Pooled data over two years of experiments showed that soil application with Zinc Sulphate and Borax at various levels significantly influenced growth attributes (dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and crop growth rate), yield components (no. of panicles/m2, no. of filled grains/panicle and test weight), yield (seed yield, straw yield and biological yield) and economics of oats seed production. With increasing levels of ZnSO4 application, highest number of panicles/m2 (196.27), seed yield (3.00 t/ha), straw yield (6.94 t/ha) and biological yield (9.85 t/ha) were obtained at 25 kg/ha though these were at par with 20 kg ZnSO4 /ha. Higher number of filled grains/panicle (76.47), test weight (29.93 g), seed yield (2.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.70 t/ha) and biological yield (9.63 t/ha) were found with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha. The highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was achieved with application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha (₹ 1,17,257/ha, ₹ 68,997/ha and 2.65, respectively) which was significantly higher than both of 25 kg ZnSO4/ha (₹ 1,15,051/ha, ₹ 64,489/ha, and 2.52, respectively) and 15 kg ZnSO4/ha (₹ 1,05,198/ha, ₹ 59,240/ha and 2.44, respectively). Similarly, highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was obtained with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha (₹ 1,15,537/ha, ₹ 69,070/ha and 2.67, respectively). A significant interaction between Zinc Sulphate and borax was found towards seed yield, biological yield, gross return, net return and return per rupee investment in oats seed production. Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctively achieved highest seed yield (3.28 t/ha), biological yield (10.81 t/ha), gross return (₹ 1, 27, 530/ha), net return (₹78,760/ha) and return per rupee investment (₹3.78) in oats seed production.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing ZnSO4 levels, oats had the highest number of panicles per m2 (196.27).
- Taxon
- Oats
Avena sativat0 - Treatment
- increasing levels of ZnSO4 applicatione1
- Outcome
- number of panicles/m2e1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 196.27e1
- Qualifier
- at par with 20 kg ZnSO4 /hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e1“With increasing levels of ZnSO4 application, highest number of panicles/m2 (196.27), seed yield (3.00 t/ha), straw yield (6.94 t/ha) and biological yield (9.85 t/ha) were obtained at 25 kg/ha though these were at par with 20 kg ZnSO4 /ha”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing ZnSO4 levels, oats had the highest seed yield (3.00 t/ha).
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of ZnSO4 applicatione1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 3.00 t/hae1
- Qualifier
- at par with 20 kg ZnSO4 /hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e1“With increasing levels of ZnSO4 application, highest number of panicles/m2 (196.27), seed yield (3.00 t/ha), straw yield (6.94 t/ha) and biological yield (9.85 t/ha) were obtained at 25 kg/ha though these were at par with 20 kg ZnSO4 /ha”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing ZnSO4 levels, oats had the highest straw yield (6.94 t/ha).
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of ZnSO4 applicatione1
- Outcome
- straw yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 6.94 t/hae1
- Qualifier
- at par with 20 kg ZnSO4 /hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e1“With increasing levels of ZnSO4 application, highest number of panicles/m2 (196.27), seed yield (3.00 t/ha), straw yield (6.94 t/ha) and biological yield (9.85 t/ha) were obtained at 25 kg/ha though these were at par with 20 kg ZnSO4 /ha”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing ZnSO4 levels, oats had the highest biological yield (9.85 t/ha).
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of ZnSO4 applicatione1
- Outcome
- biological yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 9.85 t/hae1
- Qualifier
- at par with 20 kg ZnSO4 /hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e1“With increasing levels of ZnSO4 application, highest number of panicles/m2 (196.27), seed yield (3.00 t/ha), straw yield (6.94 t/ha) and biological yield (9.85 t/ha) were obtained at 25 kg/ha though these were at par with 20 kg ZnSO4 /ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 10 kg/ha gave the highest number of filled grains per panicle (76.47).
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of borax @ 10 kg/hae2
- Outcome
- number of filled grains/paniclee2
- Direction
- Highere2
- Value
- 76.47e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e2“Higher number of filled grains/panicle (76.47), test weight (29.93 g), seed yield (2.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.70 t/ha) and biological yield (9.63 t/ha) were found with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 10 kg/ha gave a higher test weight (29.93 g).
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of borax @ 10 kg/hae2
- Outcome
- test weighte2
- Direction
- Highere2
- Value
- 29.93 ge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e2“Higher number of filled grains/panicle (76.47), test weight (29.93 g), seed yield (2.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.70 t/ha) and biological yield (9.63 t/ha) were found with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 10 kg/ha gave a higher seed yield (2.95 t/ha).
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of borax @ 10 kg/hae2
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- Highere2
- Value
- 2.95 t/hae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e2“Higher number of filled grains/panicle (76.47), test weight (29.93 g), seed yield (2.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.70 t/ha) and biological yield (9.63 t/ha) were found with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 10 kg/ha gave a higher straw yield (6.70 t/ha).
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of borax @ 10 kg/hae2
- Outcome
- straw yielde2
- Direction
- Highere2
- Value
- 6.70 t/hae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e2“Higher number of filled grains/panicle (76.47), test weight (29.93 g), seed yield (2.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.70 t/ha) and biological yield (9.63 t/ha) were found with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 10 kg/ha gave a higher biological yield (9.63 t/ha).
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of borax @ 10 kg/hae2
- Outcome
- biological yielde2
- Direction
- Highere2
- Value
- 9.63 t/hae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e2“Higher number of filled grains/panicle (76.47), test weight (29.93 g), seed yield (2.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.70 t/ha) and biological yield (9.63 t/ha) were found with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha gave the highest gross return (₹ 1,17,257/ha), significantly higher than 25 kg ZnSO4/ha.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/hae3
- Outcome
- gross returne3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- ₹ 1,17,257/hae3
- Comparator
- 25 kg ZnSO4/hae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e3“The highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was achieved with application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha (₹ 1,17,257/ha, ₹ 68,997/ha and 2.65, respectively)”
e4“which was significantly higher than both of 25 kg ZnSO4/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha gave the highest net return (₹ 68,997/ha), significantly higher than 25 kg ZnSO4/ha.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/hae3
- Outcome
- net returne3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- ₹ 68,997/hae3
- Comparator
- 25 kg ZnSO4/hae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e3“The highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was achieved with application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha (₹ 1,17,257/ha, ₹ 68,997/ha and 2.65, respectively)”
e4“which was significantly higher than both of 25 kg ZnSO4/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha gave the highest return per rupee investment (2.65), significantly higher than 25 kg ZnSO4/ha.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/hae3
- Outcome
- return per rupee investmente3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 2.65e3
- Comparator
- 25 kg ZnSO4/hae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e3“The highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was achieved with application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha (₹ 1,17,257/ha, ₹ 68,997/ha and 2.65, respectively)”
e4“which was significantly higher than both of 25 kg ZnSO4/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 10 kg/ha gave the highest gross return (₹ 1,15,537/ha).
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of borax @ 10 kg/hae5
- Outcome
- gross returne5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- ₹ 1,15,537/hae5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e5“Similarly, highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was obtained with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha (₹ 1,15,537/ha, ₹ 69,070/ha and 2.67, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 10 kg/ha gave the highest net return (₹ 69,070/ha).
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of borax @ 10 kg/hae5
- Outcome
- net returne5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- ₹ 69,070/hae5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e5“Similarly, highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was obtained with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha (₹ 1,15,537/ha, ₹ 69,070/ha and 2.67, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 10 kg/ha gave the highest return per rupee investment (2.67).
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of borax @ 10 kg/hae5
- Outcome
- return per rupee investmente5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 2.67e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e5“Similarly, highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was obtained with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha (₹ 1,15,537/ha, ₹ 69,070/ha and 2.67, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha achieved the highest seed yield (3.28 t/ha) through a significant interaction.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctivelye6
- Outcome
- seed yielde6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 3.28 t/hae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e6“Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctively achieved highest seed yield (3.28 t/ha), biological yield (10.81 t/ha), gross return (₹ 1, 27, 530/ha), net return (₹78,760/ha) and return per rupee investment (₹3.78) in oats seed production”
e7“A significant interaction between Zinc Sulphate and borax was found towards seed yield, biological yield, gross return, net return and return per rupee investment in oats seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha achieved the highest biological yield (10.81 t/ha) through a significant interaction.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctivelye6
- Outcome
- biological yielde6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 10.81 t/hae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e6“Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctively achieved highest seed yield (3.28 t/ha), biological yield (10.81 t/ha), gross return (₹ 1, 27, 530/ha), net return (₹78,760/ha) and return per rupee investment (₹3.78) in oats seed production”
e7“A significant interaction between Zinc Sulphate and borax was found towards seed yield, biological yield, gross return, net return and return per rupee investment in oats seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha achieved the highest gross return (₹ 1, 27, 530/ha) through a significant interaction.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctivelye6
- Outcome
- gross returne6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- ₹ 1, 27, 530/hae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e6“Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctively achieved highest seed yield (3.28 t/ha), biological yield (10.81 t/ha), gross return (₹ 1, 27, 530/ha), net return (₹78,760/ha) and return per rupee investment (₹3.78) in oats seed production”
e7“A significant interaction between Zinc Sulphate and borax was found towards seed yield, biological yield, gross return, net return and return per rupee investment in oats seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha achieved the highest net return (₹78,760/ha) through a significant interaction.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctivelye6
- Outcome
- net returne6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- ₹78,760/hae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e6“Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctively achieved highest seed yield (3.28 t/ha), biological yield (10.81 t/ha), gross return (₹ 1, 27, 530/ha), net return (₹78,760/ha) and return per rupee investment (₹3.78) in oats seed production”
e7“A significant interaction between Zinc Sulphate and borax was found towards seed yield, biological yield, gross return, net return and return per rupee investment in oats seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha achieved the highest return per rupee investment (₹3.78) through a significant interaction.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctivelye6
- Outcome
- return per rupee investmente6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- ₹3.78e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal”
e6“Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctively achieved highest seed yield (3.28 t/ha), biological yield (10.81 t/ha), gross return (₹ 1, 27, 530/ha), net return (₹78,760/ha) and return per rupee investment (₹3.78) in oats seed production”
e7“A significant interaction between Zinc Sulphate and borax was found towards seed yield, biological yield, gross return, net return and return per rupee investment in oats seed production”
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