Abstract
Abstract Only a limited number of herbicides are available to provide postemergence (POST) control of selective monocot weeds in grain sorghum crops. The herbicides currently labeled for use with grain sorghum have strict use restrictions, low efficacy on johnsongrass, or weed resistance issues. To introduce a new effective herbicide mode of action for monocot control, multiple companies and universities have been developing herbicide-resistant grain sorghum that would allow producers to use herbicides that inhibit either acetolactate synthase (ALS) or acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) for POST monocot control. An experiment was conducted in Fayetteville, AR, in 2020 and 2021, to determine the effectiveness of two ALS-inhibiting herbicides and nine ACCase-inhibiting herbicides on TamArk™ grain sorghum, conventional grain sorghum, and problematic monocot weed species. Grain sorghum and monocot weeds (johnsongrass, broadleaf signalgrass, barnyardgrass, and Texas panicum) were sprayed when TamArk grain sorghum reached the 2- to 3-leaf stage. TamArk grain sorghum was tolerant of all ACCase-inhibiting herbicides tested, exhibiting ≤10% injury at all evaluation timings, except clethodim and sethoxydim, and had no resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicides that were evaluated. Additionally, all ACCase inhibitors except diclofop and pinoxaden controlled all monocots tested by >91% at 28 d after application (DAA). Conversely, the two ALS inhibitors, imazamox and nicosulfuron, provided ≤81% control of broadleaf signalgrass 28 DAA but still controlled all other monocots by >95%. TamArk grain sorghum has low sensitivity to multiple ACCase-inhibiting herbicides and thus provides an effective POST option for monocot weed control. In addition, unwanted volunteer TamArk plants can be controlled with cledthodim, sethoxydim, nicosulfuron, or imazamox. Although the ALS-inhibiting herbicides imazamox and nicosulfuron were not useful on TamArk grain sorghum, they are effective options for monocot control on Igrowth™ and Inzen™ grain sorghum crops, respectively.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
TamArk grain sorghum was tolerant of the ACCase-inhibiting herbicides tested, with 10% or less injury.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolort0 - Material
- TamArke1
- Treatment
- ACCase-inhibiting herbicidese1
- Outcome
- injurye1
- Direction
- tolerante1
- Value
- ≤10%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain sorghum and monocot weed species”
e1“TamArk grain sorghum was tolerant of all ACCase-inhibiting herbicides tested, exhibiting ≤10% injury at all evaluation timings, except clethodim and sethoxydim”
Claim · model-written summary
TamArk grain sorghum was not tolerant of clethodim and sethoxydim.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- TamArke1
- Treatment
- clethodim and sethoxydime1
- Outcome
- tolerante1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain sorghum and monocot weed species”
e1“TamArk grain sorghum was tolerant of all ACCase-inhibiting herbicides tested, exhibiting ≤10% injury at all evaluation timings, except clethodim and sethoxydim”
Claim · model-written summary
TamArk grain sorghum showed no resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicides evaluated.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- ALS-inhibiting herbicidese2
- Outcome
- no resistancee2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain sorghum and monocot weed species”
e2“had no resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicides that were evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
All ACCase inhibitors except diclofop and pinoxaden controlled all monocot weeds tested by more than 91% at 28 days after application.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- all ACCase inhibitors except diclofop and pinoxadene3
- Interactor
- monocot weed speciest0weed
- Outcome
- controlled all monocots testede3
- Direction
- controllede3
- Value
- >91%e3
- Qualifier
- at 28 d after application (DAA)e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain sorghum and monocot weed species”
e3“all ACCase inhibitors except diclofop and pinoxaden controlled all monocots tested by >91% at 28 d after application (DAA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazamox and nicosulfuron provided 81% or less control of broadleaf signalgrass at 28 days after application.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- imazamox and nicosulfurone4
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrass
Urochloa platyphyllae4weed - Outcome
- control of broadleaf signalgrasse4
- Direction
- providede4
- Value
- ≤81%e4
- Qualifier
- 28 DAAe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain sorghum and monocot weed species”
e4“the two ALS inhibitors, imazamox and nicosulfuron, provided ≤81% control of broadleaf signalgrass 28 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
The two ALS inhibitors controlled all other monocots by more than 95%.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- the two ALS inhibitorse4
- Interactor
- monocotsLiliopsidae5weed
- Outcome
- controlled all other monocotse5
- Direction
- controllede5
- Value
- >95%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain sorghum and monocot weed species”
e4“the two ALS inhibitors, imazamox and nicosulfuron, provided ≤81% control of broadleaf signalgrass 28 DAA”
e5“but still controlled all other monocots by >95%”
Claim · model-written summary
TamArk grain sorghum provides an effective post-emergence option for monocot weed control.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- effective POST option for monocot weed controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain sorghum and monocot weed species”
e6“thus provides an effective POST option for monocot weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Unwanted volunteer TamArk plants can be controlled with sethoxydim, nicosulfuron, or imazamox.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- TamArke7
- Treatment
- cledthodim, sethoxydim, nicosulfuron, or imazamoxe7
- Outcome
- unwanted volunteer TamArk plantse7
- Direction
- can be controllede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain sorghum and monocot weed species”
e7“unwanted volunteer TamArk plants can be controlled with cledthodim, sethoxydim, nicosulfuron, or imazamox”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazamox and nicosulfuron are effective options for monocot control on Igrowth and Inzen grain sorghum crops.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- imazamox and nicosulfurone1
- Outcome
- effective options for monocot controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they are effective options for monocot control on Igrowth™ and Inzen™ grain sorghum crops, respectively”
e1“Although the ALS-inhibiting herbicides imazamox and nicosulfuron were not useful on TamArk grain sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazamox and nicosulfuron were not useful on TamArk grain sorghum.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- TamArke0
- Treatment
- imazamox and nicosulfurone0
- Outcome
- usefule0
- Direction
- not usefule0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the ALS-inhibiting herbicides imazamox and nicosulfuron were not useful on TamArk grain sorghum”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · crop injury · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.