Abstract
Afield study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated three weed control treatments (zero, once and twice hoeing) and intercropped cowpea with maize at three planting distance (10, 15 and 20 cm), on weed control, yield of maize and economic evaluation. Hand hoeing once and twice caused reduction in dry weight of total weeds, and increased weed control efficiency (WCE), yield and yield components of maize and fresh forage yield/fed of cowpea. Highest values were with hand hoeing twice. Interplanting cowpea at 10 and 15 cm, increased percentage of WCE and fresh forage yield/fed of cowpea, irrespective hand hoeing levels, the opposite trend was observed with maize traits. Cowpea planted at 10 cm or 15 cm with using hand hoeing twice decreased the dry weight of total weeds at 45 and 60 days after planting and improved forage yield/fed of cowpea. Sole planting of both crops had the highest yields/fed. Nonetheless, intercropping cowpea + hand hoeing twice had yield and yield components at par with those of sole maize. The highest mean value of LER (1.51 and 1.48) was obtained by growing cowpea at 15 cm and twice time of hoeing. Weed control in maize with applied hand hoeing twice and planted cowpea at 15 cm recorded higher values of gross and net return. It could be concluded that application hand hoeing with growing cowpea as cover crop, at 15cm planting distance was suggested for weed control, increased maize performance and net return.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Hand hoeing once and twice reduced the dry weight of total weeds in maize fields.
- Treatment
- Hand hoeing once and twicee1
- Interactor
- total weedse1weed
- Outcome
- dry weight of total weedse1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Comparator
- zeroe0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Afield study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated three weed control treatments (zero, once and twice hoeing) and intercropped cowpea with maize”
e1“Hand hoeing once and twice caused reduction in dry weight of total weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand hoeing once and twice increased weed control efficiency in maize.
- Treatment
- Hand hoeing once and twicee1
- Outcome
- weed control efficiency (WCE)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- zeroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Afield study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated three weed control treatments (zero, once and twice hoeing) and intercropped cowpea with maize”
e1“Hand hoeing once and twice caused reduction in dry weight of total weeds”
e2“increased weed control efficiency (WCE), yield and yield components of maize and fresh forage yield/fed of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand hoeing once and twice increased yield and yield components of maize.
- Treatment
- Hand hoeing once and twicee1
- Outcome
- yield and yield components of maizee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- zeroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Afield study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated three weed control treatments (zero, once and twice hoeing) and intercropped cowpea with maize”
e1“Hand hoeing once and twice caused reduction in dry weight of total weeds”
e2“increased weed control efficiency (WCE), yield and yield components of maize and fresh forage yield/fed of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand hoeing once and twice increased fresh forage yield per feddan of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae2 - Treatment
- Hand hoeing once and twicee1
- Outcome
- fresh forage yield/fed of cowpeae2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- zeroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Afield study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated three weed control treatments (zero, once and twice hoeing) and intercropped cowpea with maize”
e1“Hand hoeing once and twice caused reduction in dry weight of total weeds”
e2“increased weed control efficiency (WCE), yield and yield components of maize and fresh forage yield/fed of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Interplanting cowpea at 10 and 15 cm increased the percentage of WCE and fresh forage yield per feddan of cowpea irrespective of hand hoeing levels.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae3
- Treatment
- Interplanting cowpea at 10 and 15 cme3
- Outcome
- percentage of WCE and fresh forage yield/fed of cowpeae3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- irrespective hand hoeing levelse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Interplanting cowpea at 10 and 15 cm, increased percentage of WCE and fresh forage yield/fed of cowpea, irrespective hand hoeing levels, the opposite trend was observed with maize traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Interplanting cowpea at 10 and 15 cm produced the opposite trend in maize traits, a decrease.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Afield study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated three weed control treatments (zero, once and twice hoeing) and intercropped cowpea with maize”
e3“Interplanting cowpea at 10 and 15 cm, increased percentage of WCE and fresh forage yield/fed of cowpea, irrespective hand hoeing levels, the opposite trend was observed with maize traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea planted at 10 or 15 cm with hand hoeing twice decreased the dry weight of total weeds at 45 and 60 days after planting.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae4
- Treatment
- Cowpea planted at 10 cm or 15 cm with using hand hoeing twicee4
- Interactor
- total weedse4weed
- Outcome
- dry weight of total weedse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- at 45 and 60 days after plantinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Cowpea planted at 10 cm or 15 cm with using hand hoeing twice decreased the dry weight of total weeds at 45 and 60 days after planting and improved forage yield/fed of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea planted at 10 or 15 cm with hand hoeing twice improved forage yield per feddan of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae4
- Treatment
- Cowpea planted at 10 cm or 15 cm with using hand hoeing twicee4
- Outcome
- forage yield/fed of cowpeae4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Cowpea planted at 10 cm or 15 cm with using hand hoeing twice decreased the dry weight of total weeds at 45 and 60 days after planting and improved forage yield/fed of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole planting of both crops had the highest yield per feddan.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Afield study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated three weed control treatments (zero, once and twice hoeing) and intercropped cowpea with maize”
e5“Sole planting of both crops had the highest yields/fed”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping cowpea with hand hoeing twice gave yield and yield components at par with sole maize.
- Treatment
- intercropping cowpea + hand hoeing twicee6
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse6
- Direction
- at pare6
- Comparator
- sole maizee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“intercropping cowpea + hand hoeing twice had yield and yield components at par with those of sole maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing cowpea at 15 cm with twice hoeing gave the highest mean LER, 1.51 and 1.48.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae7
- Treatment
- growing cowpea at 15 cm and twice time of hoeinge7
- Outcome
- mean value of LERe7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 1.51 and 1.48e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Afield study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated three weed control treatments (zero, once and twice hoeing) and intercropped cowpea with maize”
e7“The highest mean value of LER (1.51 and 1.48) was obtained by growing cowpea at 15 cm and twice time of hoeing”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control in maize with hand hoeing twice and cowpea at 15 cm gave higher gross and net return.
- Treatment
- applied hand hoeing twice and planted cowpea at 15 cme6
- Outcome
- gross and net returne6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Afield study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated three weed control treatments (zero, once and twice hoeing) and intercropped cowpea with maize”
e6“Weed control in maize with applied hand hoeing twice and planted cowpea at 15 cm recorded higher values of gross and net return”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand hoeing with cowpea as a cover crop at 15 cm planting distance is suggested for weed control in maize.
- Treatment
- application hand hoeing with growing cowpea as cover crop, at 15cm planting distancee7
- Outcome
- weed controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Afield study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated three weed control treatments (zero, once and twice hoeing) and intercropped cowpea with maize”
e7“application hand hoeing with growing cowpea as cover crop, at 15cm planting distance was suggested for weed control”
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