Abstract
The present study deals with the understory structure, diversity, and soil macro and micronutrients in various forest stands of the Duldula forest in northern Chhattisgarh. Forest stands include four natural (dense, moderately dense, regenerated, and degraded forests) and one plantation (teak). Stratified random sampling methods were used to evaluate the phytosociological attributes of shrubs, climbers, and herbs in various forest stands. Soil samples were analyzed for macro and micronutrients at two different depths (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm). A total of 14 shrubs, 17 climbers, and 30 herb species representing 9, 8, and 12 families, respectively were recorded from various forest stands. The total density value of shrubs, climbers, and herbs ranged between 600 and 1760 individuals ha−1, 320–5240 individuals ha−1, and 356,000–684,000 individuals ha−1, respectively for different forest stands. Shannon index values for shrub, climber, and herb ranged between 0.78–2.88, 1.68–2.45, and 2.57–3.59, respectively. The soil of the study area was found to be acidic in nature with moderate levels of organic carbon (%), macro, and micronutrient status. Considering the total density value of various forests stands highest number of shrubs, climbers, and herbs were recorded in degraded forests which indicates the process of degradation facilitates the growth of understory vegetation in comparison to tree species. In most cases, the soil attributes were higher in dense forests. This, therefore, indicates that sustainable management of the soil is essential for the restoration of degraded forests to a natural condition.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen shrub, 17 climber and 30 herb species were recorded.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 14 shrubs, 17 climbers, and 30 herb species representing 9, 8, and 12 families, respectively were recorded from various forest stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Climber richness was 17 species across stands.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 14 shrubs, 17 climbers, and 30 herb species representing 9, 8, and 12 families, respectively were recorded from various forest stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Herb richness was 30 species across stands.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 14 shrubs, 17 climbers, and 30 herb species representing 9, 8, and 12 families, respectively were recorded from various forest stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Shrub density ranged from 600 to 1760 individuals per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“The total density value of shrubs, climbers, and herbs ranged between 600 and 1760 individuals ha−1, 320–5240 individuals ha−1, and 356,000–684,000 individuals ha−1, respectively for different forest stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Climber density ranged from 320 to 5240 individuals per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“The total density value of shrubs, climbers, and herbs ranged between 600 and 1760 individuals ha−1, 320–5240 individuals ha−1, and 356,000–684,000 individuals ha−1, respectively for different forest stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Herb density ranged from 356,000 to 684,000 individuals per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“The total density value of shrubs, climbers, and herbs ranged between 600 and 1760 individuals ha−1, 320–5240 individuals ha−1, and 356,000–684,000 individuals ha−1, respectively for different forest stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Shrub Shannon diversity ranged from 0.78 to 2.88.
Verbatim
e0“Shannon index values for shrub, climber, and herb ranged between 0.78–2.88, 1.68–2.45, and 2.57–3.59, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Climber Shannon diversity ranged from 1.68 to 2.45.
Verbatim
e0“Shannon index values for shrub, climber, and herb ranged between 0.78–2.88, 1.68–2.45, and 2.57–3.59, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Herb Shannon diversity ranged from 2.57 to 3.59.
Verbatim
e0“Shannon index values for shrub, climber, and herb ranged between 0.78–2.88, 1.68–2.45, and 2.57–3.59, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Degraded forests had the highest density of shrubs, climbers and herbs.
Verbatim
e0“highest number of shrubs, climbers, and herbs were recorded in degraded forests”
Claim · model-written summary
Dense forests usually had higher soil attributes.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In most cases, the soil attributes were higher in dense forests”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend sustainable soil management to restore degraded forests.
- Outcome
- restoration of degraded forests to a natural conditione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“sustainable management of the soil is essential for the restoration of degraded forests to a natural condition”