Abstract
Manual ginger planting is a tedious, drudgery-prone, and time-consuming operation, due to the constant bending posture during planting. To address this issue, a seed metering mechanism was developed and evaluated at the ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal. The metering mechanism consisted of a vertical rotating disc, fingers, lever and cam, seed hopper, agitator, and rhizome delivery system. The laboratory study was conducted using a sticky belt set up to determine the seed distribution pattern at different forward speeds (0.42 m/s, 0.56 m/s, 0.69 m/s, and 0.83 m/s), rhizome sizes viz. small (< 35 mm), medium (35–50 mm), and large (> 50 mm), and types of pickup fingers (P1 and P2). The factorial CRD design with three replications for each variable was used in the laboratory experiment. The performance parameters were measured, including average spacing, missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index and visible damage. The result revealed that speed of operation, seed size and finger type had statistically significant effects on the average seed spacing. As the speed of operation and seed size increased, the multiple index and Quality of Feed Index (QFI) decreased, while the missing index and damage percentage increased for both types of fingers. The main factor significantly influencing the performance indices was the speed of operation. The highest QFI of 77.14% was observed at the forward speed of 0.56 m/s for P2 fingers. The lower values of miss index, multiple index, and visible damage were observed with P2 as compared to P1. The visible damage was observed to increase at increasing speeds and seed sizes for both types of fingers. The performance of the metering system was found satisfactory with finger (P2) at the optimum speed of 0.56 m/s for medium seed sizes. The automatic seed metering mechanism holds great potential for ginger planting to improve accuracy, efficiency, yields, and cost-effectiveness.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The highest quality of feed index of 77.14% for ginger rhizome planting was observed at 0.56 m/s with P2 fingers.
- Taxon
- ginger
Zingiber officinalee0 - Treatment
- P2 fingerse4
- Outcome
- QFIe4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 77.14%e4
- Qualifier
- at the forward speed of 0.56 m/se4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manual ginger planting is a tedious, drudgery-prone, and time-consuming operation”
e4“The highest QFI of 77.14% was observed at the forward speed of 0.56 m/s for P2 fingers”
Claim · model-written summary
Miss index, multiple index and visible damage were lower with P2 fingers than with P1 fingers.
- Taxon
- gingerZingiber officinalee0
- Treatment
- P2e5
- Outcome
- miss index, multiple index, and visible damagee5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Comparator
- P1e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manual ginger planting is a tedious, drudgery-prone, and time-consuming operation”
e5“The lower values of miss index, multiple index, and visible damage were observed with P2 as compared to P1”
Claim · model-written summary
Visible damage of ginger rhizomes increased with increasing planter speed and seed size.
- Taxon
- gingerZingiber officinalee0
- Treatment
- increasing speeds and seed sizese6
- Outcome
- visible damagee6
- Direction
- increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manual ginger planting is a tedious, drudgery-prone, and time-consuming operation”
e6“The visible damage was observed to increase at increasing speeds and seed sizes for both types of fingers”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple index decreased as operating speed and seed size increased.
- Taxon
- gingerZingiber officinalee0
- Treatment
- speed of operation and seed sizee2
- Outcome
- multiple indexe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manual ginger planting is a tedious, drudgery-prone, and time-consuming operation”
e2“As the speed of operation and seed size increased, the multiple index and Quality of Feed Index (QFI) decreased, while the missing index and damage percentage increased for both types of fingers”
Claim · model-written summary
Quality of Feed Index decreased as operating speed and seed size increased.
- Taxon
- gingerZingiber officinalee0
- Treatment
- speed of operation and seed sizee2
- Outcome
- Quality of Feed Index (QFI)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manual ginger planting is a tedious, drudgery-prone, and time-consuming operation”
e2“As the speed of operation and seed size increased, the multiple index and Quality of Feed Index (QFI) decreased, while the missing index and damage percentage increased for both types of fingers”
Claim · model-written summary
Missing index increased as operating speed and seed size increased.
- Taxon
- gingerZingiber officinalee0
- Treatment
- speed of operation and seed sizee2
- Outcome
- missing indexe2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manual ginger planting is a tedious, drudgery-prone, and time-consuming operation”
e2“As the speed of operation and seed size increased, the multiple index and Quality of Feed Index (QFI) decreased, while the missing index and damage percentage increased for both types of fingers”
Claim · model-written summary
The speed of operation was the main factor significantly influencing the performance indices of the planter.
- Taxon
- gingerZingiber officinalee0
- Treatment
- speed of operatione3
- Outcome
- performance indicese3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manual ginger planting is a tedious, drudgery-prone, and time-consuming operation”
e3“The main factor significantly influencing the performance indices was the speed of operation”
Claim · model-written summary
Speed of operation, seed size and finger type had significant effects on average seed spacing.
- Taxon
- gingerZingiber officinalee0
- Treatment
- speed of operatione1
- Outcome
- average seed spacinge1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manual ginger planting is a tedious, drudgery-prone, and time-consuming operation”
e1“The result revealed that speed of operation, seed size and finger type had statistically significant effects on the average seed spacing”
Claim · model-written summary
The performance of the metering system with P2 fingers at 0.56 m/s was judged satisfactory for medium seed sizes.
- Taxon
- gingerZingiber officinalee0
- Treatment
- finger (P2)e7
- Outcome
- performance of the metering systeme7
- Qualifier
- at the optimum speed of 0.56 m/s for medium seed sizese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manual ginger planting is a tedious, drudgery-prone, and time-consuming operation”
e7“The performance of the metering system was found satisfactory with finger (P2) at the optimum speed of 0.56 m/s for medium seed sizes”