Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2016–17, 2017–18 and 2018–19 at the Punjab Agrcultural University, Ludhiana, India, to evaluate the economic feasibility of pulse-and oilseed-based new alternative cropping systems in comparison to rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. Among the 10 cropping systems evaluated in a randomized block design on a loamy sand soil, the highest rice-equivalent yield (23.2 t/ha) was obtained in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)–garden peas (Pisum sativum L.)–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with highest sustainable- yield index (0.81), followed by groundnut –garden peas– spring maize (Zea mays L.) (22.5 t/ha) as significantly better than rest of the cropping systems. In comparison to conventional rice–wheat system, higher net returns as well as relative economic efficiency were recorded in 4 cropping systems, viz. groundnut–garden peas–sunflower, groundnut–garden peas–spring maize, rice–wheat–summer mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] and mungbean–toria [Brassica rapa subsp. dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt]–sunflower. Maximum apparent water productivity was observed in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)– summer mungbean, whereas the maximum nutrient-use productivity was observed in groundnut–garden peas– sunflower, followed by pigeonpea–chickpea–summer mungbean and the least values were recorded in rice–wheat system. Thus, resource-conserving biointensive cropping systems, viz. groundnut–garden peas–sunflower, groundnut–garden peas–spring maize, rice–wheat–summer mungbean and mungbean–toria–sunflower can be adopted for higher productivity, profitability and sustainability.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut–garden peas–sunflower had the highest rice-equivalent yield, 23.2 t/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)–garden peas (Pisum sativum L.)–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)e0
- Outcome
- rice-equivalent yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 23.2 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest rice-equivalent yield (23.2 t/ha) was obtained in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)–garden peas (Pisum sativum L.)–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut–garden peas–sunflower had the highest sustainable-yield index, 0.81.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- sustainable- yield indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.81e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)–garden peas (Pisum sativum L.)–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with highest sustainable- yield index (0.81)”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut–garden peas–spring maize yielded 22.5 t/ha and was significantly better than remaining systems.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- groundnut –garden peas– spring maize (Zea mays L.)e0
- Outcome
- groundnut –garden peas– spring maize (Zea mays L.)e0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- 22.5 t/hae0
- Comparator
- rest of the cropping systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“groundnut –garden peas– spring maize (Zea mays L.) (22.5 t/ha) as significantly better than rest of the cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Four alternative systems had higher net returns and relative economic efficiency than rice–wheat.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- net returns as well as relative economic efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rice–wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher net returns as well as relative economic efficiency were recorded in 4 cropping systems, viz. groundnut–garden peas–sunflower, groundnut–garden peas–spring maize, rice–wheat–summer mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] and mungbean–toria [Brassica rapa subsp. dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt]–sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeonpea–chickpea–summer mungbean had maximum apparent water productivity.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajane0 - Outcome
- apparent water productivitye0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum apparent water productivity was observed in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)– summer mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut–garden peas–sunflower had maximum nutrient-use productivity.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- nutrient-use productivitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum nutrient-use productivity was observed in groundnut–garden peas– sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice–wheat had the least nutrient-use productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- least valuese0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the least values were recorded in rice–wheat system”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend four biointensive systems for higher productivity, profitability and sustainability.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- higher productivity, profitability and sustainabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“groundnut–garden peas–sunflower, groundnut–garden peas–spring maize, rice–wheat–summer mungbean and mungbean–toria–sunflower can be adopted for higher productivity, profitability and sustainability”
The same questions in other papers
Helianthus annuus · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Zea mays · organism · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.