Paper · 2024 · Brazilian Journal of Development

Growth, yield and economics of fodder grasses at Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh

Anita Tomar; Bijay Kumar Singh; Swati Priya; et al.

20
claims
40
verbatim quotes
0
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

To study the growth, yield and economics of fodder grasses at Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh, experiment was established in July 2022 with three treatments and five replications. In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo). Results indicated that the maximum height was found in T1: Hybrid Napier 186.60 cm followed by T2: Para grass 132 cm and minimum in T3: Stylo 57 cm. The plant population was maximum found in T3: Stylo 16 followed by T1: Hybrid Napier and T2: Para grass 4 whereas number of tillers or branches per meter square found maximum in T3: Stylo 159.80 followed by T1: Hybrid Napier 158.60 and minimum in T2: Para grass 120. The green fodder yield and dry fodder yield was maximum found in T1: Hybrid Napier 860.16 and 266.65 qha-1 followed by T2: Para grass 438.77 and 122.86 qha-1 and minimum in T3: Stylo 194.65 and 36.98 qha-1 respectively. The maximum net return was found in T1: Hybrid Napier Rs. 75,660 followed by T3: Stylo Rs. 62.505 and minimum in T2: Para grass Rs. 61,605. The maximum B:C ratio was found in T1: Hybrid Napier 2.86 followed by T3: Stylo Rs. 2.61 and minimum in T2: Para grass Rs. 2.29.

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Claims 20

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hybrid Napier had the maximum height, 186.60 cm.

Taxon
Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoidese0
Material
Hybrid Napiere1
Outcome
heighte1
Direction
maximume1
Value
186.60 cme1

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e1

“the maximum height was found in T1: Hybrid Napier 186.60 cm followed by T2: Para grass 132 cm and minimum in T3: Stylo 57 cm”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–496 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Para grass had a height of 132 cm, lower than Hybrid Napier.

Taxon
Brachiaria muticaUrochloa muticae0
Material
Para grasse1
Outcome
heighte1
Direction
lowerinferrede1
Value
132 cme1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Urochloa mutica
Urochloa mutica · TaxonForest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e1

“the maximum height was found in T1: Hybrid Napier 186.60 cm followed by T2: Para grass 132 cm and minimum in T3: Stylo 57 cm”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–496 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stylo had the minimum height, 57 cm.

Taxon
Stylosanthes hamataStylosanthes hamatae0
Material
Styloe1
Outcome
heighte1
Direction
minimume1
Value
57 cme1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Stylosanthes hamata
Stylosanthes hamata · TaxonDinesh Valke from Thane, India · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e1

“the maximum height was found in T1: Hybrid Napier 186.60 cm followed by T2: Para grass 132 cm and minimum in T3: Stylo 57 cm”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–496 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stylo had the maximum plant population, 16.

Taxon
Stylosanthes hamataStylosanthes hamatae0
Material
Styloe2
Outcome
plant populatione2
Direction
maximume2
Value
16e2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Stylosanthes hamata
Stylosanthes hamata · TaxonDinesh Valke from Thane, India · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e2

“The plant population was maximum found in T3: Stylo 16 followed by T1: Hybrid Napier and T2: Para grass 4”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 498–603 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Para grass had a plant population of 4, lower than Stylo and Hybrid Napier.

Taxon
Brachiaria muticaUrochloa muticae0
Material
Para grasse2
Outcome
plant populatione2
Direction
lowerinferrede2
Value
4e2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Urochloa mutica
Urochloa mutica · TaxonForest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e2

“The plant population was maximum found in T3: Stylo 16 followed by T1: Hybrid Napier and T2: Para grass 4”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 498–603 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stylo had the maximum number of tillers or branches per meter square, 159.80.

Taxon
Stylosanthes hamataStylosanthes hamatae0
Material
Styloe3
Outcome
number of tillers or branches per meter squaree3
Direction
maximume3
Value
159.80e3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Stylosanthes hamata
Stylosanthes hamata · TaxonDinesh Valke from Thane, India · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e3

“number of tillers or branches per meter square found maximum in T3: Stylo 159.80 followed by T1: Hybrid Napier 158.60 and minimum in T2: Para grass 120”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 612–763 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hybrid Napier had 158.60 tillers or branches per meter square, lower than Stylo.

Taxon
Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoidese0
Material
Hybrid Napiere3
Outcome
number of tillers or branches per meter squaree3
Direction
lowerinferrede3
Value
158.60e3

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e3

“number of tillers or branches per meter square found maximum in T3: Stylo 159.80 followed by T1: Hybrid Napier 158.60 and minimum in T2: Para grass 120”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 612–763 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Para grass had the minimum number of tillers or branches per meter square, 120.

Taxon
Brachiaria muticaUrochloa muticae0
Material
Para grasse3
Outcome
number of tillers or branches per meter squaree3
Direction
minimume3
Value
120e3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Urochloa mutica
Urochloa mutica · TaxonForest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e3

“number of tillers or branches per meter square found maximum in T3: Stylo 159.80 followed by T1: Hybrid Napier 158.60 and minimum in T2: Para grass 120”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 612–763 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hybrid Napier had the maximum green fodder yield, 860.16 q/ha.

Taxon
Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoidese0
Material
Hybrid Napiere4
Outcome
green fodder yielde4
Direction
maximume4
Value
860.16e4

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e4

“The green fodder yield and dry fodder yield was maximum found in T1: Hybrid Napier 860.16 and 266.65 qha-1 followed by T2: Para grass 438.77 and 122.86 qha-1 and minimum in T3: Stylo 194.65 and 36.98 qha-1 respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 765–983 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Para grass had a green fodder yield of 438.77 q/ha, lower than Hybrid Napier.

Taxon
Brachiaria muticaUrochloa muticae0
Material
Para grasse4
Outcome
green fodder yielde4
Direction
lowerinferrede4
Value
438.77e4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Urochloa mutica
Urochloa mutica · TaxonForest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e4

“The green fodder yield and dry fodder yield was maximum found in T1: Hybrid Napier 860.16 and 266.65 qha-1 followed by T2: Para grass 438.77 and 122.86 qha-1 and minimum in T3: Stylo 194.65 and 36.98 qha-1 respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 765–983 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stylo had the minimum green fodder yield, 194.65 q/ha.

Taxon
Stylosanthes hamataStylosanthes hamatae0
Material
Styloe4
Outcome
green fodder yielde4
Direction
minimume4
Value
194.65e4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Stylosanthes hamata
Stylosanthes hamata · TaxonDinesh Valke from Thane, India · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e4

“The green fodder yield and dry fodder yield was maximum found in T1: Hybrid Napier 860.16 and 266.65 qha-1 followed by T2: Para grass 438.77 and 122.86 qha-1 and minimum in T3: Stylo 194.65 and 36.98 qha-1 respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 765–983 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hybrid Napier had the maximum dry fodder yield, 266.65 q/ha.

Taxon
Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoidese0
Material
Hybrid Napiere4
Outcome
dry fodder yielde4
Direction
maximume4
Value
266.65e4

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e4

“The green fodder yield and dry fodder yield was maximum found in T1: Hybrid Napier 860.16 and 266.65 qha-1 followed by T2: Para grass 438.77 and 122.86 qha-1 and minimum in T3: Stylo 194.65 and 36.98 qha-1 respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 765–983 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Para grass had a dry fodder yield of 122.86 q/ha, lower than Hybrid Napier.

Taxon
Brachiaria muticaUrochloa muticae0
Material
Para grasse4
Outcome
dry fodder yielde4
Direction
lowerinferrede4
Value
122.86e4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Urochloa mutica
Urochloa mutica · TaxonForest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e4

“The green fodder yield and dry fodder yield was maximum found in T1: Hybrid Napier 860.16 and 266.65 qha-1 followed by T2: Para grass 438.77 and 122.86 qha-1 and minimum in T3: Stylo 194.65 and 36.98 qha-1 respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 765–983 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stylo had the minimum dry fodder yield, 36.98 q/ha.

Taxon
Stylosanthes hamataStylosanthes hamatae0
Material
Styloe4
Outcome
dry fodder yielde4
Direction
minimume4
Value
36.98e4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Stylosanthes hamata
Stylosanthes hamata · TaxonDinesh Valke from Thane, India · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e4

“The green fodder yield and dry fodder yield was maximum found in T1: Hybrid Napier 860.16 and 266.65 qha-1 followed by T2: Para grass 438.77 and 122.86 qha-1 and minimum in T3: Stylo 194.65 and 36.98 qha-1 respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 765–983 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hybrid Napier had the maximum net return, Rs. 75,660.

Taxon
Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoidese0
Material
Hybrid Napiere5
Outcome
net returne5
Direction
maximume5
Value
Rs. 75,660e5

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e5

“The maximum net return was found in T1: Hybrid Napier Rs. 75,660 followed by T3: Stylo Rs. 62.505 and minimum in T2: Para grass Rs. 61,605”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 985–1123 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stylo had a net return of Rs. 62.505, lower than Hybrid Napier.

Taxon
Stylosanthes hamataStylosanthes hamatae0
Material
Styloe5
Outcome
net returne5
Direction
lowerinferrede5
Value
Rs. 62.505e5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Stylosanthes hamata
Stylosanthes hamata · TaxonDinesh Valke from Thane, India · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e5

“The maximum net return was found in T1: Hybrid Napier Rs. 75,660 followed by T3: Stylo Rs. 62.505 and minimum in T2: Para grass Rs. 61,605”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 985–1123 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Para grass had the minimum net return, Rs. 61,605.

Taxon
Brachiaria muticaUrochloa muticae0
Material
Para grasse5
Outcome
net returne5
Direction
minimume5
Value
Rs. 61,605e5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Urochloa mutica
Urochloa mutica · TaxonForest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e5

“The maximum net return was found in T1: Hybrid Napier Rs. 75,660 followed by T3: Stylo Rs. 62.505 and minimum in T2: Para grass Rs. 61,605”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 985–1123 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hybrid Napier had the maximum benefit cost ratio, 2.86.

Taxon
Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoidese0
Material
Hybrid Napiere6
Outcome
B:C ratioe6
Direction
maximume6
Value
2.86e6

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e6

“The maximum B:C ratio was found in T1: Hybrid Napier 2.86 followed by T3: Stylo Rs. 2.61 and minimum in T2: Para grass Rs. 2.29”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1125–1252 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stylo had a benefit cost ratio of Rs. 2.61, lower than Hybrid Napier.

Taxon
Stylosanthes hamataStylosanthes hamatae0
Material
Styloe6
Outcome
B:C ratioe6
Direction
lowerinferrede6
Value
Rs. 2.61e6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Stylosanthes hamata
Stylosanthes hamata · TaxonDinesh Valke from Thane, India · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e6

“The maximum B:C ratio was found in T1: Hybrid Napier 2.86 followed by T3: Stylo Rs. 2.61 and minimum in T2: Para grass Rs. 2.29”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1125–1252 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Para grass had the minimum benefit cost ratio, Rs. 2.29.

Taxon
Brachiaria muticaUrochloa muticae0
Material
Para grasse6
Outcome
B:C ratioe6
Direction
minimume6
Value
Rs. 2.29e6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Urochloa mutica
Urochloa mutica · TaxonForest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In this study planted three fodder grasses viz., Pennisetum purpurmum × Pennisetum typhoides (Hybrid napier), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Stylosanthes hamata (Stylo)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–347 · show in text ↑
e6

“The maximum B:C ratio was found in T1: Hybrid Napier 2.86 followed by T3: Stylo Rs. 2.61 and minimum in T2: Para grass Rs. 2.29”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1125–1252 · show in text ↑