Abstract
The use of nitrogen as a fertilizer can be highly risky when used excessively, and it is therefore necessary to find novel techniques to reduce its use. Aquaponics reduces the use of synthetic fertilizers and water, and the leaching of nitrate into the environment. One way to avoid problems due to a reduction in nitrogen availability could be the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This study examines the effect of PGPR on kohlrabi plants grown with a traditional nutrient solution (100S), in combination with “fish water” (50F/50D), or with a supplement of synthetic fertilizers (50F/50D + S). Two formulations were used: T1 (Azospirillum brasilense and Pantoea dispersa) and T2 (Azotobacter salinestris). Irrigation with 50F/50D caused a reduction in several of the measured parameters. The combined application of 50F/50D with T1 attenuated the negative effects. T2 did not present significant effects on the parameters measured. The results obtained with 50F/50D + S hardly showed differences with the 100S. Thus, by irrigating with 50F/50D + S, we were able to maintain the yields while reducing fertilizer use and water. The combined use of T1 and 50F/50D was also positive; however, it would be necessary to continue adjusting the amount of nitrate supplied to maintain production.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
50F/50D irrigation reduced several measured kohlrabi parameters.
- Taxon
- Kohlrabi
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodest0 - Treatment
- 50F/50De0
- Outcome
- several of the measured parameterse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- 100Se1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with 50F/50D caused a reduction in several of the measured parameters.”
t0“Kohlrabi”
e1“The results obtained with 50F/50D + S hardly showed differences with the 100S.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding T1 to 50F/50D attenuated its negative effects.
- Taxon
- KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
- Treatment
- 50F/50D with T1e0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense and Pantoea dispersa
Azospirillum brasilensePantoea dispersae1symbiont - Outcome
- negative effectse0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of 50F/50D with T1 attenuated the negative effects.”
t0“Kohlrabi”
e1“Two formulations were used: T1 (Azospirillum brasilense and Pantoea dispersa) and T2 (Azotobacter salinestris).”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 had no significant effect on measured kohlrabi parameters.
- Taxon
- KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter salinestrisAzotobacter salinestrise1symbiont
- Outcome
- parameters measurede0
- Direction
- did not present significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T2 did not present significant effects on the parameters measured.”
t0“Kohlrabi”
e1“Two formulations were used: T1 (Azospirillum brasilense and Pantoea dispersa) and T2 (Azotobacter salinestris).”
Claim · model-written summary
50F/50D plus synthetic supplement yielded little difference from 100S.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
- Treatment
- 50F/50D + Se0
- Outcome
- resultse0
- Direction
- hardly showed differencese0
- Comparator
- 100Se0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained with 50F/50D + S hardly showed differences with the 100S.”
t0“Kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
50F/50D plus supplement maintained yield while reducing fertilizer and water use.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
- Treatment
- 50F/50D + Se0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- maintaine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by irrigating with 50F/50D + S, we were able to maintain the yields while reducing fertilizer use and water.”
t0“Kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 with 50F/50D was assessed positively, but nitrate needs adjustment to maintain production.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
- Treatment
- T1 and 50F/50De0
- Outcome
- adjusting the amount of nitrate supplied to maintain productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined use of T1 and 50F/50D was also positive; however, it would be necessary to continue adjusting the amount of nitrate supplied to maintain production.”
t0“Kohlrabi”