Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) that infect bacterial pathogens are an alternative means of controlling bacterial diseases in humans, animals, and plants. However, the effects of targeted phage therapy on indigenous microbial communities are not fully understood. In this study, we hypothesized that phages infecting plant pathogenic bacteria play a role in modulating the microbial community in the plant rhizosphere. To explore this, we used the soil-borne plant bacterial pathogen Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum as the host bacterium and its phages as a model system in the tomato rhizosphere. The effect of phages on the microbiota was examined using a narrow host range phage RpY1 and a combination of two phages (RpY2 and RpT1, termed the phage combo) with a broad host range under the natural rhizosphere microbiota of tomato plants. Both RpY1 and the phage combo altered the tomato rhizosphere microbiota. The phage combo displayed phage effects mostly in the presence of R. pseudosolanacearum. However, RpY1 affected the rhizosphere microbiota even in the absence of the host bacterium. The effect of phage RpY1 on the microbiota was further investigated in the tomato rhizosphere using a synthetic community (SynCom) mimicking the natural tomato rhizosphere microbiota. Phage RpY1 affected the microbial community structure of the SynCom in the tomato rhizosphere in the absence of the host bacterium. Analyses of the natural microbiota and SynCom in the tomato rhizosphere indicated an indirect effect of phage RpY1 on the microbiota. This study suggests that phage application modulates the indigenous microbiota through unknown interactions with nonhost bacterial members in the plant rhizosphere. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
RpY1 altered natural tomato rhizosphere microbiota.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- RpY1e0
- Outcome
- tomato rhizosphere microbiotae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both RpY1 and the phage combo altered the tomato rhizosphere microbiota”
Claim · model-written summary
The phage combo altered natural tomato rhizosphere microbiota.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- phage comboe0
- Outcome
- tomato rhizosphere microbiotae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both RpY1 and the phage combo altered the tomato rhizosphere microbiota”
Claim · model-written summary
The phage combo had effects mainly when R. pseudosolanacearum was present.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- phage comboe0
- Interactor
- R. pseudosolanacearumRalstonia pseudosolanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- phage effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phage combo displayed phage effects mostly in the presence of R. pseudosolanacearum”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
RpY1 affected tomato rhizosphere microbiota even without the host bacterium.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- RpY1e0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere microbiotae0
- Qualifier
- absence of the host bacteriume0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RpY1 affected the rhizosphere microbiota even in the absence of the host bacterium”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
RpY1 affected SynCom community structure in tomato rhizosphere without the host bacterium.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Phage RpY1e0
- Outcome
- microbial community structure of the SynCome0
- Qualifier
- absence of the host bacteriume0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phage RpY1 affected the microbial community structure of the SynCom in the tomato rhizosphere in the absence of the host bacterium”
Claim · model-written summary
Analysis indicated an indirect effect of RpY1 on tomato rhizosphere microbiota.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- indirect effect of phage RpY1 on the microbiotae0
- Qualifier
- indirect effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analyses of the natural microbiota and SynCom in the tomato rhizosphere indicated an indirect effect of phage RpY1 on the microbiota”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest phage application modulates indigenous rhizosphere microbiota through unknown interactions with nonhost bacteria.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- phage applicatione0
- Outcome
- indigenous microbiotae0
- Qualifier
- unknown interactions with nonhost bacterial memberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phage application modulates the indigenous microbiota through unknown interactions with nonhost bacterial members in the plant rhizosphere”
t0“Tomato Plants”