Abstract
Abstract Furrow-irrigated rice ( Oryza sativa L.) has become a popular option for rice production in Arkansas. Highly troublesome weeds like barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] are a major problem for producers in all rice production systems. Cultural tactics should become a priority to enhance crop growth and competitiveness. This research aimed to determine the effects of bed width (irrigation furrow spacing) and crop row spacing manipulation on E. crus-galli emergence and seed production in a furrow-irrigated rice system. Three bed widths (76, 97, and 152 cm) (whole-plot factor) were used, and plots were drill seeded in four crop row spacings (13, 19, 25, and 38 cm) (subplot factor). The widest width of 152 cm had a slight increase in E. crus-galli density in the early rice life cycle but, by the end of the season, did not differ from the narrower bed widths. Conversely, a decrease in E. crus-galli seed production was observed as the bed width increased. Similar rice canopy coverage and yields occurred among all three bed widths. As for crop row spacing, as the width increased, E. crus-galli density also increased. The 13-cm crop row spacing had the lowest preflood E. crus-galli density, preharvest panicle count, and seed production. No effect of crop row spacing was observed on rice canopy coverage; however, the 13-cm crop row spacing produced the greatest rice yield. The 13-cm crop row spacing paired with the 152-cm bed width may be the optimum combination of ecological strategies in furrow-irrigated rice to reduce E. crus-galli seed production while maintaining rice growth and yield.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The 152 cm bed width slightly increased early E. crus-galli density.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- early rice life cyclee0
- Treatment
- 152 cme0
- Interactor
- E. crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- E. crus-galli densitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- widest widthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The widest width of 152 cm had a slight increase in E. crus-galli density in the early rice life cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
By season end, E. crus-galli density at the widest bed width did not differ from narrower widths.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- narrower bed widthse0
- Interactor
- E. crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie1weed
- Outcome
- E. crus-galli densitye1
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- narrower bed widthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“by the end of the season, did not differ from the narrower bed widths”
e1“E. crus-galli density in the early rice life cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
E. crus-galli seed production decreased as bed width increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bed widthe0
- Interactor
- E. crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- E. crus-galli seed productione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“a decrease in E. crus-galli seed production was observed as the bed width increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice canopy coverage and yields were similar among three bed widths.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- three bed widthse0
- Outcome
- rice canopy coverage and yieldse0
- Direction
- Similare0
- Comparator
- all three bed widthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar rice canopy coverage and yields occurred among all three bed widths.”
Claim · model-written summary
E. crus-galli density increased with wider crop row spacing.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- widthe0
- Interactor
- E. crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- E. crus-galli densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“as the width increased, E. crus-galli density also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The 13-cm row spacing had the lowest preflood E. crus-galli density, preharvest panicle count, and seed production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 13-cm crop row spacinge0
- Interactor
- E. crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- preflood E. crus-galli density, preharvest panicle count, and seed productione0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The 13-cm crop row spacing had the lowest preflood E. crus-galli density, preharvest panicle count, and seed production.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop row spacing did not affect rice canopy coverage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- crop row spacinge0
- Outcome
- rice canopy coveragee0
- Direction
- No effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No effect of crop row spacing was observed on rice canopy coverage”
Claim · model-written summary
The 13-cm row spacing produced the greatest rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 13-cm crop row spacinge0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 13-cm crop row spacing produced the greatest rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest combining 13-cm row spacing with 152-cm bed width to reduce weed seed production while maintaining rice growth and yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- E. crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- 13-cm crop row spacing paired with the 152-cm bed widthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 13-cm crop row spacing paired with the 152-cm bed width may be the optimum combination of ecological strategies in furrow-irrigated rice to reduce E. crus-galli seed production while maintaining rice growth and yield.”
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