Abstract
Abstract A field experiment was conducted during the rabi (winter) seasons of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 at the Central Research Farm under Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India, to study the effects of planting techniques, irrigation regimes, and nursery bed management on the growth, yield, nutrient dynamics, water productivity, and economics of summer rice (cv. Shatabdi) production. The experiment was performed in a strip-split plot design with twelve treatment combinations, which were replicated three times. The design consisted of two types of transplanted rice establishment methods (viz., puddled transplanted rice (PTR) and nonpuddled transplanted rice (NPTR)) allocated to the main plot, three irrigation regimes (three-day intervals; six-day intervals; nine-day intervals) allocated to the subplot, and two nursery bed management practices (conventional seedbed and improved seedbed) allocated to the subplot. Higher growth attributes, such as plant height, tiller count, biomass, and LAI, were found under nonpuddled conditions at the time of harvesting. Similarly, a three-day irrigation interval and improved seedlings led to better growth traits. The yield attributes and yield varied nonsignificantly among the crop establishment methods. However, the lowest irrigation intervals accounted for 53.78% and 43.02% greater grain yield than did the nine-day intervals in two consecutive years, respectively, and produced statistically similar yields with six-day intervals. The percentage of seedlings transplanted from improved seedbeds was 4.01 and 4.13% greater than that from conventional seedlings. A similar trend was observed for both input and irrigation water productivity, except that the nine-day irrigation interval resulted in significantly greater water productivity than did the other intervals. The treatment consisted of nonpuddled transplanted rice along with six six-day irrigation intervals and improved seedbed management, resulting in the highest net return and benefit:cost ratio due to the low production cost. Thus, it can be concluded that transplanting seedlings into nonpuddled soil from an improved seedbed with intermittent irrigation might be the most judicious and recommended in terms of productivity as well as profitability for summer rice production.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nonpuddled transplantation produced higher plant height, tiller count and biomass at harvest.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- nonpuddled conditionse0
- Outcome
- plant height, tiller count, biomasse0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Qualifier
- at the time of harvestinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher growth attributes, such as plant height, tiller count, biomass, and LAI, were found under nonpuddled conditions at the time of harvesting.”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonpuddled transplantation produced higher LAI at harvest.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nonpuddled conditionse0
- Outcome
- LAIe0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher growth attributes, such as plant height, tiller count, biomass, and LAI, were found under nonpuddled conditions at the time of harvesting.”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
A three-day irrigation interval improved growth traits.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- a three-day irrigation intervale0
- Outcome
- growth traitse0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, a three-day irrigation interval and improved seedlings led to better growth traits.”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved seedlings improved growth traits.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- improved seedlingse0
- Outcome
- growth traitse0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, a three-day irrigation interval and improved seedlings led to better growth traits.”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield attributes and yield did not differ significantly between establishment methods.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- crop establishment methodse0
- Outcome
- yield attributes and yielde0
- Direction
- varied nonsignificantlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield attributes and yield varied nonsignificantly among the crop establishment methods.”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The shortest irrigation interval increased grain yield by 53.78% over nine-day intervals in one year.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- the lowest irrigation intervalse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 53.78%e0
- Qualifier
- in two consecutive yearse0
- Comparator
- the nine-day intervalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest irrigation intervals accounted for 53.78% and 43.02% greater grain yield than did the nine-day intervals in two consecutive years, respectively”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The shortest irrigation interval increased grain yield by 43.02% over nine-day intervals in the second year.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- the lowest irrigation intervalse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 43.02%e0
- Qualifier
- in two consecutive yearse0
- Comparator
- the nine-day intervalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest irrigation intervals accounted for 53.78% and 43.02% greater grain yield than did the nine-day intervals in two consecutive years, respectively”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The shortest and six-day irrigation intervals had statistically similar yields.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- statistically similare0
- Comparator
- six-day intervalse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“produced statistically similar yields with six-day intervals”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved seedbeds increased the percentage of seedlings transplanted by 4.01%.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- improved seedbedse0
- Outcome
- percentage of seedlings transplantede0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 4.01e0
- Comparator
- conventional seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of seedlings transplanted from improved seedbeds was 4.01 and 4.13% greater than that from conventional seedlings.”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved seedbeds increased the percentage of seedlings transplanted by 4.13%.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- improved seedbedse0
- Outcome
- percentage of seedlings transplantede0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 4.13%e0
- Comparator
- conventional seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of seedlings transplanted from improved seedbeds was 4.01 and 4.13% greater than that from conventional seedlings.”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine-day irrigation produced significantly greater water productivity than other intervals.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- the nine-day irrigation intervale0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- the other intervalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nine-day irrigation interval resulted in significantly greater water productivity than did the other intervals.”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonpuddled transplanting with six-day irrigation and improved seedbeds had the highest net return and benefit:cost ratio.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nonpuddled transplanted rice along with six six-day irrigation intervals and improved seedbed managemente0
- Outcome
- net return and benefit:cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- due to the low production coste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nonpuddled transplanted rice along with six six-day irrigation intervals and improved seedbed management, resulting in the highest net return and benefit:cost ratio due to the low production cost.”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend nonpuddled transplantation from improved seedbeds with intermittent irrigation for productivity and profitability.
- Taxon
- summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- transplanting seedlings into nonpuddled soil from an improved seedbed with intermittent irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transplanting seedlings into nonpuddled soil from an improved seedbed with intermittent irrigation might be the most judicious and recommended in terms of productivity as well as profitability for summer rice production.”
t0“summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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