Abstract
Enlarging the lateral space of drip tubes saves irrigation equipment costs (drip tubes and bypass), but it will lead to an increased risk of grain yield heterogeneity between wheat rows. Adjusting wheat row spacing is an effective cultivation measure to regulate a row's yield heterogeneity. During a 2-year field experiment, we investigated the variations in yield traits and photosynthetic physiology by utilizing two different water- and fertilizer-demanding spring wheat cultivars (NS22 and NS44) under four kinds of drip irrigation patterns with different drip tube lateral spacing and wheat row spacing [① TR4, drip tube spacing (DTS) was 60 cm, wheat row horizontal spacing (WRHS) was 15 cm; ② TR6, DTS was 90 cm, WRHS was 15 cm; ③ TR6L, DTS was 90 cm, WRHS was 10 cm, inter-block spacing (IBS) was 35 cm; and ④ TR6S, DTS was 80 cm, WRHS was 10 cm, IBS was 25 cm]. The results showed that under 15-cm equal row spacing condition, after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6), NS22 and NS44 exhibited a marked decline in yield. The decline of NS22 (9.93%) was higher than that of NS44 (9.04%), and both cultivars also showed a greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%). After the TR6 was processed to narrow WRHS (from 15 to 10 cm) and add IBS (TR6L: 35 cm; TR6S: 25 cm), the grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44 under TR6L increased significantly by 26.05%, 8.22%, 14.05%, 10.50%, 5.09%, and 5.01%, respectively, and under TR6S, they significantly increased by 20.78%, 9.91%, 16.19%, 9.28%, 5.01%, and 4.14%, respectively. The increase in GWP and AGFR was related to the increase in flag leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, relative water content, actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, and photochemical quenching coefficient. Among TR4, TR6, TR6L, and TR6S, for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L. Furthermore, TR6S showed the highest economic benefit.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
TR6 reduced NS22 yield by 9.93% versus TR4.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NS22 and NS44 exhibited a marked decline in yield. The decline of NS22 (9.93%) was higher than that of NS44 (9.04%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
TR6 reduced NS44 yield by 9.04% versus TR4.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NS22 and NS44 exhibited a marked decline in yield. The decline of NS22 (9.93%) was higher than that of NS44 (9.04%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
NS22 inferior-grain weight decreased 23.19% under TR6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
NS22 inferior-grain AGFR decreased 13.97% under TR6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
NS44 inferior-grain weight decreased 7.78% under TR6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
NS44 inferior-grain AGFR decreased 5.86% under TR6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
NS22 superior-grain weight decreased 10.60% under TR6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
NS22 superior-grain AGFR decreased 8.33% under TR6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
NS44 superior-grain weight decreased 4.89% under TR6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
NS44 superior-grain AGFR decreased 4.62% under TR6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
TR6L increased NS22 third-row grain weight per panicle by 26.05%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under TR6L increased significantly by 26.05%, 8.22%, 14.05%, 10.50%, 5.09%, and 5.01%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
TR6L increased NS44 third-row grain weight per panicle by 8.22%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under TR6L increased significantly by 26.05%, 8.22%, 14.05%, 10.50%, 5.09%, and 5.01%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
TR6L increased superior-grain AGFR in NS22 by 14.05%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under TR6L increased significantly by 26.05%, 8.22%, 14.05%, 10.50%, 5.09%, and 5.01%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
TR6L increased superior-grain AGFR in NS44 by 10.50%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under TR6L increased significantly by 26.05%, 8.22%, 14.05%, 10.50%, 5.09%, and 5.01%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
TR6L increased inferior-grain AGFR in NS22 by 5.09%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under TR6L increased significantly by 26.05%, 8.22%, 14.05%, 10.50%, 5.09%, and 5.01%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
TR6L increased inferior-grain AGFR in NS44 by 5.01%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under TR6L increased significantly by 26.05%, 8.22%, 14.05%, 10.50%, 5.09%, and 5.01%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
TR6S increased third-row grain weight per panicle in NS22 by 20.78%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under TR6S, they significantly increased by 20.78%, 9.91%, 16.19%, 9.28%, 5.01%, and 4.14%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
TR6S increased third-row grain weight per panicle in NS44 by 9.91%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under TR6S, they significantly increased by 20.78%, 9.91%, 16.19%, 9.28%, 5.01%, and 4.14%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
TR6S increased AGFR in the two cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under TR6S, they significantly increased by 20.78%, 9.91%, 16.19%, 9.28%, 5.01%, and 4.14%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
Claim · model-written summary
TR6S yielded significantly more than TR6 and TR6L in both cultivars and had the highest economic benefit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L. Furthermore, TR6S showed the highest economic benefit”
t0“wheat”
e1“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
e2“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
e3“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
e4“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”