Abstract
Soybean production systems that return plant residues to the soil surface are gaining in popularity. As these practices become more widespread, more crop and weed residues are being introduced into the upper soil profile. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effects of varying concentrations of Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory plant residues (aboveground portion of the plant) on soybean production. The study was arranged in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replications. Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory residues were incorporated into soil at 20,000, 40,000, 80,000 and 160,000 ppm. Inert plastic residue at the same residue levels was included as a check. Soybean dry weight, leaf area and leaf tissue nutrient content were recorded during the study. A decrease in soybean dry weight and leaf area was observed as Palmer amaranth residue in the soil increased. Palmer amaranth residues of 160,000 ppm and 80,000 ppm in the soil significantly reduced soybean dry weight by 69% and 59%, respectively, and soybean leaf area by 60% and 57%, respectively. In contrast, pitted morningglory and inert plastic residues had no observable effect on soybean growth and development. This study demonstrated Palmer amaranth residues in the soil impacted early season soybean growth and development.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Palmer amaranth residue at 160,000 ppm reduced soybean dry weight by 69% relative to inert plastic residue in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Palmer amaranth residues of 160,000 ppme1
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe1weed
- Outcome
- soybean dry weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 69%e1
- Comparator
- Inert plastic residuee2
- Setting
- Greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse studies were conducted”
e1“Palmer amaranth residues of 160,000 ppm and 80,000 ppm in the soil significantly reduced soybean dry weight by 69% and 59%, respectively, and soybean leaf area by 60% and 57%, respectively”
e2“Inert plastic residue at the same residue levels was included as a check”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmer amaranth residue at 80,000 ppm reduced soybean dry weight by 59% relative to inert plastic residue in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 80,000 ppme1
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe1weed
- Outcome
- soybean dry weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 59%e1
- Comparator
- Inert plastic residuee2
- Setting
- Greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse studies were conducted”
e1“Palmer amaranth residues of 160,000 ppm and 80,000 ppm in the soil significantly reduced soybean dry weight by 69% and 59%, respectively, and soybean leaf area by 60% and 57%, respectively”
e2“Inert plastic residue at the same residue levels was included as a check”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmer amaranth residue at 160,000 ppm reduced soybean leaf area by 60% relative to inert plastic residue in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Palmer amaranth residues of 160,000 ppme1
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe1weed
- Outcome
- soybean leaf areae1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 60%e1
- Comparator
- Inert plastic residuee2
- Setting
- Greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse studies were conducted”
e1“Palmer amaranth residues of 160,000 ppm and 80,000 ppm in the soil significantly reduced soybean dry weight by 69% and 59%, respectively, and soybean leaf area by 60% and 57%, respectively”
e2“Inert plastic residue at the same residue levels was included as a check”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmer amaranth residue at 80,000 ppm reduced soybean leaf area by 57% relative to inert plastic residue in a greenhouse.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 80,000 ppme1
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe1weed
- Outcome
- soybean leaf areae1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 57%e1
- Comparator
- Inert plastic residuee2
- Setting
- Greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse studies were conducted”
e1“Palmer amaranth residues of 160,000 ppm and 80,000 ppm in the soil significantly reduced soybean dry weight by 69% and 59%, respectively, and soybean leaf area by 60% and 57%, respectively”
e2“Inert plastic residue at the same residue levels was included as a check”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean dry weight and leaf area decreased as Palmer amaranth residue in the soil increased.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe3
- Treatment
- Palmer amaranth residuee3
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe3weed
- Outcome
- soybean dry weight and leaf areae3
- Direction
- decreasee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A decrease in soybean dry weight and leaf area was observed as Palmer amaranth residue in the soil increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Pitted morningglory residue had no observable effect on soybean growth and development relative to inert plastic residue.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- pitted morningglorye4
- Interactor
- pitted morningglorye4weed
- Outcome
- soybean growth and developmente4
- Direction
- no observable effecte4
- Comparator
- Inert plastic residuee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Inert plastic residue at the same residue levels was included as a check”
e4“In contrast, pitted morningglory and inert plastic residues had no observable effect on soybean growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Inert plastic residue had no observable effect on soybean growth and development.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- inert plastic residuese4
- Outcome
- soybean growth and developmente4
- Direction
- no observable effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In contrast, pitted morningglory and inert plastic residues had no observable effect on soybean growth and development”
The same questions in other papers
Amaranthus caudatus · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.