Abstract
Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), is an economically important disease that affects tomatoes worldwide and has become more prevalent in China in recent years. In 2021 and 2022, tomato plants in greenhouses in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, were observed showing symptoms of stunting, premature loss of lower leaves, and root rot. Fungal pathogens were isolated from 20 infected tomato plants and identified based on morphological observation and DNA sequencing. Twelve isolates were consistently identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) via an analysis of the ITS, TEF-1α, and pgx4 genes. This is the first report of FORL in Inner Mongolia, China. The isolates were examined for their pathogenicity by inoculating them on tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and chickpeas. The fungicide sensitivity of the isolates was determined. Effective concentrations for 50% growth inhibition (EC50) were measured using seven fungicides. The EC50 values of tebuconazole and prochloraz were <1.0 μg·mL−1, exhibiting the most effective inhibition among the fungicides tested. Additionally, FORL resistance screening of tomato germplasms was performed. One tomato variety was resistant to FORL, and the remaining 43 germplasm lines showed various levels of resistance. The rates of highly susceptible, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and moderately resistant germplasms accounted for 29.55%, 22.73%, 40.91%, and 4.55% of the 44 germplasms tested, respectively.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants in Hohhot greenhouses showed stunting, premature lower leaf loss, and root rot.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Outcome
- stunting, premature loss of lower leaves, and root rote0
- Setting
- Hohhot, Inner Mongoliae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants in greenhouses in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, were observed showing symptoms of stunting, premature loss of lower leaves, and root rot”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve isolates from infected tomato plants were identified as FORL.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersicie0pathogen - Outcome
- Twelve isolates were consistently identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twelve isolates were consistently identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) via an analysis of the ITS, TEF-1α, and pgx4 genes”
t0“Infected Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
The study reports FORL in Inner Mongolia for the first time.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- FORLe0pathogen
- Outcome
- first report of FORLe0
- Setting
- Inner Mongolia, Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is the first report of FORL in Inner Mongolia, China”
t0“Infected Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole had an EC50 below 1.0 μg·mL−1 against FORL, among the most effective fungicides tested.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- tebuconazolee0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersicit1pathogen
- Outcome
- EC50 valuese0
- Direction
- most effective inhibitione0
- Value
- <1.0 μg·mL−1e0
- Comparator
- fungicides testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The EC50 values of tebuconazole and prochloraz were <1.0 μg·mL−1, exhibiting the most effective inhibition among the fungicides tested”
t0“Infected Tomatoes”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Prochloraz had an EC50 below 1.0 μg·mL−1 against FORL, among the most effective fungicides tested.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- prochloraze0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersicit1pathogen
- Outcome
- EC50 valuese0
- Direction
- most effective inhibitione0
- Value
- <1.0 μg·mL−1e0
- Comparator
- fungicides testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The EC50 values of tebuconazole and prochloraz were <1.0 μg·mL−1, exhibiting the most effective inhibition among the fungicides tested”
t0“Infected Tomatoes”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
One tomato variety was resistant to FORL.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- FORLe0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistant to FORLe0
- Value
- One tomato varietye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One tomato variety was resistant to FORL”
Claim · model-written summary
The other 43 tomato germplasm lines had various resistance levels.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersicit1pathogen
- Outcome
- various levels of resistancee0
- Value
- 43 germplasm linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the remaining 43 germplasm lines showed various levels of resistance”
t0“Infected Tomatoes”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Highly susceptible tomato germplasms accounted for 29.55% of 44 tested.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersicit1pathogen
- Outcome
- highly susceptiblee0
- Value
- 29.55%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rates of highly susceptible, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and moderately resistant germplasms accounted for 29.55%, 22.73%, 40.91%, and 4.55% of the 44 germplasms tested, respectively”
t0“Infected Tomatoes”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderately susceptible tomato germplasms accounted for 22.73% of 44 tested.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersicit1pathogen
- Outcome
- moderately susceptiblee0
- Value
- 22.73%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rates of highly susceptible, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and moderately resistant germplasms accounted for 29.55%, 22.73%, 40.91%, and 4.55% of the 44 germplasms tested, respectively”
t0“Infected Tomatoes”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptible tomato germplasms accounted for 40.91% of 44 tested.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersicit1pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptiblee0
- Value
- 40.91%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rates of highly susceptible, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and moderately resistant germplasms accounted for 29.55%, 22.73%, 40.91%, and 4.55% of the 44 germplasms tested, respectively”
t0“Infected Tomatoes”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderately resistant tomato germplasms accounted for 4.55% of 44 tested.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersicit1pathogen
- Outcome
- moderately resistante0
- Value
- 4.55%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rates of highly susceptible, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and moderately resistant germplasms accounted for 29.55%, 22.73%, 40.91%, and 4.55% of the 44 germplasms tested, respectively”
t0“Infected Tomatoes”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici”