Abstract
The nature of the infestation of cardamom scale (Aulacaspis elettaria Joshi & Nafeesa) on small cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton] was illustrated. The percentage of infestation and pest density of A. elettaria in the cardamom hill reserves, Kerala, during 2021-2023 were recorded, respectively as 22.4% and 9.6 female scales/ 5 cm length of the pseudostem portion. Lower infestation and higher reduction levels in pest density were reported in plants treated with spiromecifen 22.9 SC (0.7 ml/ l) followed by spinetoram 11.7 SC (0.4 ml/ l), quinalphos 25 EC (2 ml/ l) and thiamethoxam 25 WG (0.2 g/ l). Among the botanicals tested, infestation percentage was reduced and a considerable decline in pest density (30%) was also noticed on plants treated with neem seed kernel extract (5%). The importance of integrated pest management, including the introduction of natural enemies was discussed.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Cardamom scale infestation was 22.4% in Kerala during 2021–2023.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of infestation and pest density of A. elettaria in the cardamom hill reserves, Kerala, during 2021-2023 were recorded, respectively as 22.4% and 9.6 female scales/ 5 cm length of the pseudostem portion.”
e1“small cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]”
Claim · model-written summary
Cardamom scale density was 9.6 females per 5 cm of pseudostem in Kerala during 2021–2023.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of infestation and pest density of A. elettaria in the cardamom hill reserves, Kerala, during 2021-2023 were recorded, respectively as 22.4% and 9.6 female scales/ 5 cm length of the pseudostem portion.”
e1“small cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]”
Claim · model-written summary
Spiromecifen gave the lowest infestation and greatest pest density reduction among the treatments.
Verbatim
e0“Lower infestation and higher reduction levels in pest density were reported in plants treated with spiromecifen 22.9 SC (0.7 ml/ l) followed by spinetoram 11.7 SC (0.4 ml/ l), quinalphos 25 EC (2 ml/ l) and thiamethoxam 25 WG (0.2 g/ l).”
e1“small cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]”
e2“cardamom scale (Aulacaspis elettaria Joshi & Nafeesa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinetoram ranked after spiromecifen in lowering infestation and pest density.
Verbatim
e0“Lower infestation and higher reduction levels in pest density were reported in plants treated with spiromecifen 22.9 SC (0.7 ml/ l) followed by spinetoram 11.7 SC (0.4 ml/ l), quinalphos 25 EC (2 ml/ l) and thiamethoxam 25 WG (0.2 g/ l).”
e1“small cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]”
e2“cardamom scale (Aulacaspis elettaria Joshi & Nafeesa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quinalphos ranked after spinetoram for lower infestation and pest density.
Verbatim
e0“Lower infestation and higher reduction levels in pest density were reported in plants treated with spiromecifen 22.9 SC (0.7 ml/ l) followed by spinetoram 11.7 SC (0.4 ml/ l), quinalphos 25 EC (2 ml/ l) and thiamethoxam 25 WG (0.2 g/ l).”
e1“small cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam ranked after quinalphos for lower infestation and pest density.
Verbatim
e0“Lower infestation and higher reduction levels in pest density were reported in plants treated with spiromecifen 22.9 SC (0.7 ml/ l) followed by spinetoram 11.7 SC (0.4 ml/ l), quinalphos 25 EC (2 ml/ l) and thiamethoxam 25 WG (0.2 g/ l).”
e1“small cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed kernel extract reduced infestation.
- Taxon
- small cardamome1
- Treatment
- neem seed kernel extract (5%)e0
- Outcome
- infestation percentagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“infestation percentage was reduced and a considerable decline in pest density (30%) was also noticed on plants treated with neem seed kernel extract (5%).”
e1“small cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed kernel extract reduced pest density by 30%.
- Taxon
- small cardamome1
- Treatment
- neem seed kernel extract (5%)e0
- Outcome
- pest densitye0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“infestation percentage was reduced and a considerable decline in pest density (30%) was also noticed on plants treated with neem seed kernel extract (5%).”
e1“small cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]”