Abstract
This research investigates the effects of industrial fertilisers and the incorporation of plant biomass, including catch crops, on the yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) within a crop rotation system. The field experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2019 at the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (48°19ˊ N, 18°09ˊ E). The study period was characterized by warm to exceptionally warm and predominantly dry conditions, except for 2019, which aligned more closely with the long-term average. The experimental treatments, combining the ploughing of above-ground biomass and the application of industrial fertilisers, resulted in the highest yield component values. Notably, the number of grains per cob reached 36, and the number of grains per hectare was 27.49 million. Total seed weight (TSW) was also significantly influenced by fertilisation, with the highest TSW values ranging from 220.1 g to 225.9 g, compared to the unfertilised treatment values of 194.4 g to 207.3 g. The highest maize grain yields, ranging from 5.76 t ha⁻¹ to 6.2 t ha⁻¹, and above-ground biomass production, ranging from 12.45 t ha⁻¹ to 12.60 t ha⁻¹, were achieved in treatments incorporating both industrial fertilisers and the ploughing of biomass from forecrops or catch crops. These results underscore the importance of fertilisation, organic matter incorporation, and a balanced combination of adaptive measures in enhancing maize productivity.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fertilizer and biomass ploughing produced 36 grains per cob.
- Treatment
- combining the ploughing of above-ground biomass and the application of industrial fertiliserse0
- Outcome
- number of grains per cobe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 36e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experimental treatments, combining the ploughing of above-ground biomass and the application of industrial fertilisers, resulted in the highest yield component values. Notably, the number of grains per cob reached 36”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment produced 27.49 million grains per hectare.
- Treatment
- combining the ploughing of above-ground biomass and the application of industrial fertiliserse1
- Outcome
- number of grains per hectaree0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 27.49 millione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of grains per hectare was 27.49 million”
e1“combining the ploughing of above-ground biomass and the application of industrial fertilisers”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization significantly raised total seed weight to 220.1–225.9 g versus 194.4–207.3 g without fertilization.
- Treatment
- fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- Total seed weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 220.1 g to 225.9 ge0
- Comparator
- unfertilised treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total seed weight (TSW) was also significantly influenced by fertilisation, with the highest TSW values ranging from 220.1 g to 225.9 g, compared to the unfertilised treatment values of 194.4 g to 207.3 g”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer plus biomass incorporation produced 5.76–6.2 t ha⁻¹ maize grain yield.
- Treatment
- incorporating both industrial fertilisers and the ploughing of biomass from forecrops or catch cropse0
- Outcome
- maize grain yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.76 t ha⁻¹ to 6.2 t ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest maize grain yields, ranging from 5.76 t ha⁻¹ to 6.2 t ha⁻¹, and above-ground biomass production, ranging from 12.45 t ha⁻¹ to 12.60 t ha⁻¹, were achieved in treatments incorporating both industrial fertilisers and the ploughing of biomass from forecrops or catch crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer plus biomass incorporation produced 12.45–12.60 t ha⁻¹ above-ground biomass.
- Treatment
- incorporating both industrial fertilisers and the ploughing of biomass from forecrops or catch cropse0
- Outcome
- above-ground biomass productione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 12.45 t ha⁻¹ to 12.60 t ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest maize grain yields, ranging from 5.76 t ha⁻¹ to 6.2 t ha⁻¹, and above-ground biomass production, ranging from 12.45 t ha⁻¹ to 12.60 t ha⁻¹, were achieved in treatments incorporating both industrial fertilisers and the ploughing of biomass from forecrops or catch crops”
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