Abstract
Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Clayton and Rocky Mount, NC, during summer 2020 to determine the growth and fecundity of Palmer amaranth plants that survived glufosinate with and without grass competition in cotton. Glufosinate (590 g ai ha −1 ) was applied to Palmer amaranth early postemergence (5 cm tall), mid-postemergence (7 to 10 cm tall), and late postemergence (>10 cm tall) and at orthogonal combinations of those timings. Nontreated Palmer amaranth was grown in weedy, weed-free in-crop (WFIC) and weed-free fallow (WFNC) conditions for comparisons. Palmer amaranth control decreased as larger plants were treated; no plants survived the sequential glufosinate applications in both experiments. The apical and circumferential growth of Palmer amaranth surviving glufosinate treatments was reduced by more than 44% compared to the WFIC and WFNC Palmer amaranth in both experiments. The biomass of Palmer amaranth plants surviving glufosinate was reduced by more than 62% when compared with the WFIC and WFNC in all experiments. The fecundity of Palmer amaranth surviving glufosinate treatments was reduced by more than 73% compared to WFNC Palmer amaranth in all experiments. Remarkably, the plants that survived glufosinate were fecund as WFIC plants only in the Grass Competition experiment. The results prove that despite decreased vegetative growth of Palmer amaranth surviving glufosinate treatment, plants remain fecund and can be fecund as nontreated plants in cotton. These results suggest that a glufosinate-treated grass weed may not have a significant interspecific competition effect on Palmer amaranth that survives glufosinate. Glufosinate should be applied to 5 to 7 cm Palmer amaranth to cease vegetative and reproductive capacities.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Palmer amaranth control decreased as larger plants were treated
Verbatim
e2“Palmer amaranth control decreased as larger plants were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
No plants survived the sequential glufosinate applications
- Taxon
- Palmer amaranthe2
- Treatment
- sequential glufosinate applicationse3
- Outcome
- plants survivede3
- Qualifier
- no plants survivede3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e2“Palmer amaranth control decreased as larger plants were treated”
e3“no plants survived the sequential glufosinate applications in both experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Apical and circumferential growth of surviving plants was reduced by more than 44% compared with WFIC and WFNC plants
Verbatim
e4“The apical and circumferential growth of Palmer amaranth surviving glufosinate treatments was reduced by more than 44% compared to the WFIC and WFNC Palmer amaranth in both experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass of surviving plants was reduced by more than 62% compared with WFIC and WFNC
Verbatim
e5“The biomass of Palmer amaranth plants surviving glufosinate was reduced by more than 62% when compared with the WFIC and WFNC in all experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fecundity of surviving plants was reduced by more than 73% compared with WFNC plants
Verbatim
e6“The fecundity of Palmer amaranth surviving glufosinate treatments was reduced by more than 73% compared to WFNC Palmer amaranth in all experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants that survived glufosinate were as fecund as WFIC plants only in the grass competition experiment
Verbatim
e2“Palmer amaranth control decreased as larger plants were treated”
e7“Remarkably, the plants that survived glufosinate were fecund as WFIC plants only in the Grass Competition experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
A glufosinate-treated grass weed may not have a significant interspecific competition effect on surviving Palmer amaranth
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that a glufosinate-treated grass weed may not have a significant interspecific competition effect on Palmer amaranth that survives glufosinate”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate should be applied to 5 to 7 cm Palmer amaranth to stop vegetative and reproductive capacities
Verbatim
e7“Glufosinate should be applied to 5 to 7 cm Palmer amaranth to cease vegetative and reproductive capacities”