Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an economically important vegetable susceptible to various fungal diseases, including leaf spot caused by Alternaria spp. from the section Alternaria. In our study, a total of 72 tomato-associated Alternaria spp. strains from Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Algeria were analysed by integrating morphological data, pathogenicity assay, multi-locus phylogeny, and haplotype assignment. Recovered Alternaria spp. strains were characterized by considerable variation in phenotypic diversity, non-pathogenicity to their host of origin and absence of the AAL-toxin biosynthesis gene (ALT1). Multi-locus phylogeny of the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), putative F-box-domain-containing protein (ASA-10), and putative histone-like transcription factor (ASA-19) confirmed the occurrence of both A. alternata and A. arborescens species complexes along with A. longipes and A. postmessia on symptomatic tomatoes. The discordant tree topology among single-gene phylogenies suggested the occurrence of potential recombination between phylogenetic lineages in the section Alternaria, resulting in putative alternata-arborescens and alternata-longipes hybrids. DNA polymorphism analysis of the rpb2, ASA-10, and ASA-19 loci revealed a high level of genetic diversity in the section Alternaria, and the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes varied among loci and lineages studied. A total of 16 and 6 multi-locus haplotypes were assigned in alternata and arborescens lineages, respectively. Global genetic diversity analysis of A. alternata and A. arborescens strains at the rpb2 locus confirmed that major haplotypes described from tomatoes were shared among other hosts of origin.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato-associated Alternaria spp. strains showed considerable variation in phenotypic diversity.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Interactor
- Alternaria spp.
Alternariae1pathogen - Outcome
- phenotypic diversitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Recovered Alternaria spp. strains were characterized by considerable variation in phenotypic diversity”
t0“from tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato-associated Alternaria spp. strains were non-pathogenic to their host of origin.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Alternaria spp.Alternariae1pathogen
- Outcome
- non-pathogenicity to their host of origine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Recovered Alternaria spp. strains were characterized by considerable variation in phenotypic diversity, non-pathogenicity to their host of origin”
t0“from tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato-associated Alternaria strains lacked the AAL-toxin biosynthesis gene ALT1.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- ALT1e2
- Outcome
- absence of the AAL-toxin biosynthesis genee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“absence of the AAL-toxin biosynthesis gene (ALT1)”
t0“from tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Multi-locus phylogeny confirmed the occurrence of both A. alternata and A. arborescens species complexes on symptomatic tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- A. alternata
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Alternaria alternatae3pathogen - Second interactor
- A. arborescensAlternaria arborescense3pathogen
- Outcome
- occurrence of both A. alternata and A. arborescens species complexese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e3“Multi-locus phylogeny of the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), putative F-box-domain-containing protein (ASA-10), and putative histone-like transcription factor (ASA-19) confirmed the occurrence of both A. alternata and A. arborescens species complexes along with A. longipes and A. postmessia on symptomatic tomatoes”
t0“from tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Multi-locus phylogeny confirmed A. longipes and A. postmessia on symptomatic tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- A. longipesAlternaria longipese3pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. postmessiaAlternaria postmessiae3pathogen
- Outcome
- A. longipes and A. postmessiae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Multi-locus phylogeny of the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), putative F-box-domain-containing protein (ASA-10), and putative histone-like transcription factor (ASA-19) confirmed the occurrence of both A. alternata and A. arborescens species complexes along with A. longipes and A. postmessia on symptomatic tomatoes”
t0“from tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
16 multi-locus haplotypes were assigned in the alternata lineages.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- alternatae4
- Outcome
- multi-locus haplotypese4
- Value
- 16e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“A total of 16 and 6 multi-locus haplotypes were assigned in alternata and arborescens lineages, respectively”
t0“from tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
6 multi-locus haplotypes were assigned in the arborescens lineages.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- arborescense4
- Outcome
- multi-locus haplotypese4
- Value
- 6e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“A total of 16 and 6 multi-locus haplotypes were assigned in alternata and arborescens lineages, respectively”
t0“from tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
DNA polymorphism analysis of rpb2, ASA-10 and ASA-19 loci revealed a high level of genetic diversity in section Alternaria.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- rpb2, ASA-10, and ASA-19 locie5
- Outcome
- genetic diversity in the section Alternariae5
- Qualifier
- high levele5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“DNA polymorphism analysis of the rpb2, ASA-10, and ASA-19 loci revealed a high level of genetic diversity in the section Alternaria”
t0“from tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of SNPs and haplotypes varied among loci and lineages studied.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypese6
- Qualifier
- varied among loci and lineages studiede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes varied among loci and lineages studied”
t0“from tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Discordant single-gene tree topologies suggested potential recombination between phylogenetic lineages in section Alternaria.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- potential recombination between phylogenetic lineagese7
- Qualifier
- discordant tree topology among single-gene phylogeniese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The discordant tree topology among single-gene phylogenies suggested the occurrence of potential recombination between phylogenetic lineages in the section Alternaria”
t0“from tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Discordant topologies indicated putative alternata-arborescens and alternata-longipes hybrids.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- putative alternata-arborescens and alternata-longipes hybridse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“resulting in putative alternata-arborescens and alternata-longipes hybrids”
t0“from tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Global rpb2 analysis confirmed that major haplotypes described from tomatoes were shared among other hosts of origin.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- rpb2e7
- Outcome
- major haplotypes described from tomatoes were shared among other hosts of origine7
- Comparator
- other hosts of origine7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Global genetic diversity analysis of A. alternata and A. arborescens strains at the rpb2 locus confirmed that major haplotypes described from tomatoes were shared among other hosts of origin”
t0“from tomatoes”