Abstract
Background: Phanera Lour., a genus in the subfamily Cercidoideae of the family Leguminosae, is characterized by woody liana habit, tendrils, and distinctive bilobate or bifoliolate leaves. The genus holds important medicinal value and constitutes a complex group characterized by morphological diversity and unstable taxonomic boundaries. However, limited information on the chloroplast genomes of this genus currently available constrains our understanding of its species diversity. Hence, it is necessary to obtain more chloroplast genome information to uncover the genetic characteristics of this genus. Methods: We collected and assembled the complete chloroplast genomes of nine representative Phanera plants, including Phanera erythropoda, Phanera vahlii, Phanera aureifolia, Phanera bidentata, Phanera japonica, Phanera saigonensis, Phanera championii, Phanera yunnanensis, and Phanera apertilobata. We then conducted a comparative analysis of these genomes and constructed phylogenetic trees. Results: These species are each characterized by a typical quadripartite structure. A total of 130–135 genes were annotated, and the GC content ranged from 39.25–42.58%. Codon usage analysis indicated that codons encoding alanine were dominant. We found 82–126 simple sequence repeats, along with 5448 dispersed repeats, mostly in the form of forward repeats. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 16 Phanera species form a well-supported monophyletic group, suggesting a possible monophyletic genus. Furthermore, 10 hypervariable regions were detected for identification and evolutionary studies. Conclusions: We focused on comparing chloroplast genome characteristics among nine Phanera species and conducted phylogenetic analyses, laying the foundation for further phylogenetic research and species identification of Phanera.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nine Phanera chloroplast genomes were assembled as a genomic resource.
PhaneraOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We collected and assembled the complete chloroplast genomes of nine representative Phanera plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Each studied species had a typical quadripartite chloroplast structure.
- Outcome
- typical quadripartite structuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These species are each characterized by a typical quadripartite structure.”
t0“Phanera”
Claim · model-written summary
The genomes had 130–135 annotated genes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 130–135 genes were annotated”
t0“Phanera”
Claim · model-written summary
GC content ranged from 39.25–42.58%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the GC content ranged from 39.25–42.58%.”
t0“Phanera”
Claim · model-written summary
Codons encoding alanine were dominant.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Codon usage analysis indicated that codons encoding alanine were dominant.”
t0“Phanera”
Claim · model-written summary
The genomes contained 82–126 simple sequence repeats.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We found 82–126 simple sequence repeats”
t0“Phanera”
Claim · model-written summary
The genomes contained 5448 dispersed repeats, mostly forward repeats.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5448 dispersed repeats, mostly in the form of forward repeats.”
t0“Phanera”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic analysis found 16 Phanera species in a supported monophyletic group.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 16 Phanera species form a well-supported monophyletic group”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten hypervariable regions were identified for species identification and evolution studies.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 hypervariable regions were detected for identification and evolutionary studies.”
t0“Phanera”