Abstract
In North Dakota, USA, harsh winter conditions cause considerable winter injury to many floricane fruiting raspberries. Short growing seasons in North Dakota inevitably result in an incomplete fruit harvest of primocane fruiting raspberries. In this study, the winter hardiness of six floricane fruiting raspberry and five primocane fruiting raspberry cultivars had been evaluated for multiple years since 2016. Results showed that five floricane cultivars (Prelude, Boyne, Killarney, Nova, and Encore) showed less than 20% buds damaged, whereas cultivar Amethyst had 20% to 50% buds damaged in the winter. Severe bud damage was observed in five primocane fruiting cultivars (Polana, Autumn Bliss, BP-1, Heritage, and Joan J) in which Polana had the least winter bud damage with significant variations among years, followed by Heritage, Joan J, and Autumn Bliss, and BP-1. No winter damage was observed of the root system. In addition, the fruit quality, cane height, and yield of the six floricane fruiting cultivars were evaluated. Results showed that ‘Killarney’ fruit was the largest (2.50 g per berry) followed by ‘Nova’ (2.35), ‘Encore’ (2.24), ‘Amethyst’ (2.12), ‘Prelude’ (1.94), and ‘Boyne’ (1.84). No significant differences in total soluble solid (TSS) among cultivars were observed except that the TSS of Prelude was significantly lower than the other five cultivars. The cane height of ‘Killarney’ was the shortest (75 cm), whereas ‘Amethyst’ grew the longest canes (129 cm). Prelude is the earliest ripening floricane cultivar (late June) with a short harvest duration (20 to 25 days). The fruit harvest of ‘Killarney’, ‘Boyne’, and ‘Nova’ started 3 to 5 days after ‘Prelude’ with a longer harvest duration (25 to 30 days). ‘Encore’ and ‘Amethyst’ were harvested from mid-late July to early-mid August. Yield estimation indicated that ‘Killarney’ and ‘Nova’ produced more berries than other cultivars.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Five floricane cultivars had less than 20% winter bud damage.
Verbatim
e0“five floricane cultivars (Prelude, Boyne, Killarney, Nova, and Encore) showed less than 20% buds damaged”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Amethyst had 20% to 50% winter bud damage.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“cultivar Amethyst had 20% to 50% buds damaged in the winter.”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Five primocane cultivars sustained severe bud damage.
- Taxon
- Raspberryt0
- Material
- Polana, Autumn Bliss, BP-1, Heritage, and Joan Je0
- Outcome
- Severe bud damagee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Severe bud damage was observed in five primocane fruiting cultivars (Polana, Autumn Bliss, BP-1, Heritage, and Joan J)”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Polana had the least primocane winter bud damage, with significant year variation.
Verbatim
e0“Polana had the least winter bud damage with significant variations among years”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
No winter root-system damage was observed.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“No winter damage was observed of the root system.”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Killarney had the largest fruit, at 2.50 g per berry.
Verbatim
e0“‘Killarney’ fruit was the largest (2.50 g per berry)”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Nova fruit averaged 2.35 g per berry.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“‘Nova’ (2.35)”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Encore fruit averaged 2.24 g per berry.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“‘Encore’ (2.24)”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Amethyst fruit averaged 2.12 g per berry.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“‘Amethyst’ (2.12)”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Prelude fruit averaged 1.94 g per berry.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“‘Prelude’ (1.94)”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Boyne fruit averaged 1.84 g per berry.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“‘Boyne’ (1.84)”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Prelude had significantly lower soluble solids than the other five cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“TSS of Prelude was significantly lower than the other five cultivars.”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Killarney had the shortest cane height, 75 cm.
Verbatim
e0“‘Killarney’ was the shortest (75 cm)”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Amethyst had the longest canes, 129 cm.
Verbatim
e0“‘Amethyst’ grew the longest canes (129 cm)”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Prelude ripened earliest in late June, with a 20 to 25 day harvest.
Verbatim
e0“Prelude is the earliest ripening floricane cultivar (late June) with a short harvest duration (20 to 25 days).”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Killarney, Boyne and Nova harvest began 3 to 5 days after Prelude and lasted 25 to 30 days.
Verbatim
e0“The fruit harvest of ‘Killarney’, ‘Boyne’, and ‘Nova’ started 3 to 5 days after ‘Prelude’ with a longer harvest duration (25 to 30 days).”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Encore and Amethyst were harvested from mid-late July to early-mid August.
- Taxon
- Raspberryt0
- Material
- Encore’ and ‘Amethyste0
- Outcome
- harvestede0
- Qualifier
- mid-late July to early-mid Auguste0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“‘Encore’ and ‘Amethyst’ were harvested from mid-late July to early-mid August.”
t0“Raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Killarney and Nova yielded more berries than other cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“‘Killarney’ and ‘Nova’ produced more berries than other cultivars.”
t0“Raspberry”