Abstract
Sunflower Verticillium Wilt (SVW) caused by Verticillium dahliae is a significant threat to sunflower production in China. This soilborne disease is difficult to control. It has been observed that delayed sowing reduces the severity of SVW on different varieties and across various locations. Soil was collected from multiple locations with different sowing dates to understand the underlying biological mechanisms driving this phenomenon. The soil bacterial community was characterized through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform, followed by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Microsclerotia numbers in soil were detected using both NP-10 selective medium and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). By delaying the sowing date, the number of microsclerotia in soil and the biomass of V. dahliae colonized inside sunflower roots were reduced during the early developmental stages (V2–V6) of sunflowers. Amplicon sequencing revealed an increased abundance of bacterial genera, such as Pseudomonas, Azoarcus, and Bacillus in soil samples collected from delayed sowing plots. Five bacterial strains isolated from the delayed sowing plot exhibited strong antagonistic effects against V. dahliae. The result of the pot experiments indicated that supplying two different synthetic communities (SynComs) in the pot did increase the control efficiencies on SVW by 19.08% and 37.82% separately. Additionally, soil temperature and humidity across different sowing dates were also monitored, and a significant correlation between disease severity and environmental factors was observed. In conclusion, delayed sowing appears to decrease microsclerotia levels by recruiting beneficial rhizosphere bacteria, thereby reducing the severity of SVW.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing reduced sunflower Verticillium wilt severity across varieties and locations.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- delayed sowinge0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaet1pathogen - Outcome
- severity of SVWe0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“delayed sowing reduces the severity of SVW on different varieties and across various locations.”
t0“Sunflower”
t1“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing reduced soil microsclerotia numbers.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- early developmental stages (V2–V6)e0
- Treatment
- delaying the sowing datee0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of microsclerotia in soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By delaying the sowing date, the number of microsclerotia in soil and the biomass of V. dahliae colonized inside sunflower roots were reduced during the early developmental stages (V2–V6) of sunflowers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing reduced V. dahliae biomass in sunflower roots.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- early developmental stages (V2–V6)e0
- Treatment
- delaying the sowing datee0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- biomass of V. dahliae colonized inside sunflower rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By delaying the sowing date, the number of microsclerotia in soil and the biomass of V. dahliae colonized inside sunflower roots were reduced during the early developmental stages (V2–V6) of sunflowers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing plots had increased Pseudomonas abundance.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- delayed sowinge0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0symbiont - Outcome
- abundance of bacterial generae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased abundance of bacterial genera, such as Pseudomonas, Azoarcus, and Bacillus in soil samples collected from delayed sowing plots.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing plots had increased Azoarcus abundance.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- delayed sowinge0
- Outcome
- abundance of bacterial generae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased abundance of bacterial genera, such as Pseudomonas, Azoarcus, and Bacillus in soil samples collected from delayed sowing plots.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing plots had increased Bacillus abundance.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- delayed sowinge0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- abundance of bacterial generae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased abundance of bacterial genera, such as Pseudomonas, Azoarcus, and Bacillus in soil samples collected from delayed sowing plots.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Five strains from delayed sowing plots antagonized V. dahliae.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- bacterial strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- strong antagonistic effects against V. dahliaee0
- Value
- Five bacterial strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five bacterial strains isolated from the delayed sowing plot exhibited strong antagonistic effects against V. dahliae.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
One synthetic community increased SVW control efficiency by 19.08%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- synthetic communities (SynComs)e0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- control efficiencies on SVWe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 19.08%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplying two different synthetic communities (SynComs) in the pot did increase the control efficiencies on SVW by 19.08% and 37.82% separately.”
t0“Sunflower”
t1“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
The other synthetic community increased SVW control efficiency by 37.82%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- synthetic communities (SynComs)e0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- control efficiencies on SVWe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 37.82%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplying two different synthetic communities (SynComs) in the pot did increase the control efficiencies on SVW by 19.08% and 37.82% separately.”
t0“Sunflower”
t1“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity was significantly correlated with monitored environmental factors.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- environmental factorse0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Qualifier
- environmental factorse0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant correlation between disease severity and environmental factors was observed.”
t0“Sunflower”
t1“Verticillium dahliae”