Abstract
The excessive utilization of synthetic fertilizers and chemicals poses a significant threat to both environment and human well-being. A pot experiment was done between December 2022 and April 2023 using a factorial randomized complete block design, which involved combining fertilizers and plant growth regulators (PGRs). The objective was to decrease the utilization of artificial fertilizers through the application of PGRs. The experiment involved applying fertilizers at 80, 90, 100 and 110% of the recommended doses. The recommended doses consist of 12 grams (g) of urea, 10 g of TSP, 5 g of MoP, 3 g of gypsum, 0.5 g of zinc sulphate, and 0.5 g of boric acid per plant. Furthermore, PGRs including gibberellic acid (GA3), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (4-CPA), and salicylic acid (SA) were applied at a concentration of 50 ppm. The results showed that there were no significant differences in growth and yield-contributing features when the fertilizer dose was increased from 80% to 110% of the recommended amount. Nonetheless, there were significant differences compared to the control group. However, PGRs showed significant variability in the morphological and reproductive responses of tomatoes under the conditions being researched. The GA3 treatment resulted in significantly greater plant height, base diameter, number of branches and leaves per plant, canopy spread, and internode length. Moreover, GA3 at 50 ppm produced the highest number of flowers and fruits/plant, with a single fruit weighing 67.83 g and a total fruit production of 6.61 kg/plant of tomato. Among the other PGRs, salicylic acid showed statistical equivalence to GA3 treatment. Nonetheless, there was a notable decrease in both vegetative and reproductive features, including yield, when NAA and 4-CPA were used. The interaction between fertilizers and PGRs showed that combining GA3 and SA with any of the tested fertilizer rates resulted in statistically distinct and improved vegetative and reproductive responses. However, the combination of fertilizer with NAA and 4-CPA produced highly unsatisfactory outcomes. Therefore, GA3 at 50 ppm and SA at 50 ppm can effectively be employed as substitute of synthetic chemical fertilizers in tomato cultivation. J. of Sci. and Tech. Res. 6(1): 53-64, 2024
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fertilizer from 80% to 110% gave no significant difference in growth and yield traits.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- fertilizer dose was increased from 80% to 110% of the recommended amounte0
- Outcome
- growth and yield-contributing featurese0
- Comparator
- 80%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no significant differences in growth and yield-contributing features when the fertilizer dose was increased from 80% to 110% of the recommended amount”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer treatments differed significantly from the control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Not reportedTreatmentDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were significant differences compared to the control group”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PGRs produced significant variation in tomato morphology and reproduction.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- morphological and reproductive responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGRs showed significant variability in the morphological and reproductive responses of tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 significantly increased six vegetative growth traits.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant height, base diameter, number of branches and leaves per plant, canopy spread, and internode lengthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GA3 treatment resulted in significantly greater plant height, base diameter, number of branches and leaves per plant, canopy spread, and internode length”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 50 ppm gave the highest flower and fruit numbers.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA3 at 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- number of flowers and fruits/plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 at 50 ppm produced the highest number of flowers and fruits/plant”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Under GA3 at 50 ppm, a fruit weighed 67.83 g.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA3 at 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- single fruit weighinge0
- Value
- 67.83 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 at 50 ppm produced the highest number of flowers and fruits/plant, with a single fruit weighing 67.83 g”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 at 50 ppm yielded 6.61 kg of fruit per plant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- total fruit productione0
- Value
- 6.61 kg/plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a total fruit production of 6.61 kg/plant of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid was statistically equivalent to GA3.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- statistical equivalencee0
- Comparator
- GA3 treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid showed statistical equivalence to GA3 treatment”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA decreased tomato vegetative and reproductive traits including yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive features, including yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a notable decrease in both vegetative and reproductive features, including yield, when NAA and 4-CPA were used”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
4-CPA decreased tomato vegetative and reproductive traits including yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 4-CPAe0
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive features, including yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a notable decrease in both vegetative and reproductive features, including yield, when NAA and 4-CPA were used”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining GA3 with tested fertilizer rates improved vegetative and reproductive responses.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive responsese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- any of the tested fertilizer ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining GA3 and SA with any of the tested fertilizer rates resulted in statistically distinct and improved vegetative and reproductive responses”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining SA with tested fertilizer rates improved vegetative and reproductive responses.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive responsese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- any of the tested fertilizer ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining GA3 and SA with any of the tested fertilizer rates resulted in statistically distinct and improved vegetative and reproductive responses”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer combined with NAA gave unsatisfactory outcomes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- highly unsatisfactory outcomese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of fertilizer with NAA and 4-CPA produced highly unsatisfactory outcomes”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer combined with 4-CPA gave unsatisfactory outcomes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 4-CPAe0
- Outcome
- highly unsatisfactory outcomese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of fertilizer with NAA and 4-CPA produced highly unsatisfactory outcomes”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend GA3 at 50 ppm as a fertilizer substitute.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- GA3 at 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- substitute of synthetic chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 at 50 ppm and SA at 50 ppm can effectively be employed as substitute of synthetic chemical fertilizers in tomato cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend SA at 50 ppm as a fertilizer substitute.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SA at 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- substitute of synthetic chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 at 50 ppm and SA at 50 ppm can effectively be employed as substitute of synthetic chemical fertilizers in tomato cultivation”
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